Table Of Contents

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils within the Coalite Plant

in Bolsover, North Derbyshire

Ivwurie W., Emelife S.C., Sun C. and Snape C.                                                                          1-9

Modelling the Dynamic Mechanism of a Metal Bulb Temperature

Transmitter

Seigha I. Fetepigi, Zekieni R. Yelebe* and Revelation J. Samuel                                               10-18

Experimental Study of Physical Property Changes in Monodora

Myristica Seed during Roasting

Kwino Danlami Ibi & Benjamin A. Iwan                                                                                 19-37

The Effect of COR on the Riser Reactor Performance of the FCCU

Yousuo Digieneni                                                                                                                    38-51

Proximity Intruder Security System: A Technological and Scientific

Innovation for Social and National Development

Taneh, Nadum Anthony, Ndudi Christopher Okorieocha, Harry Inye H.                                 52-63

Emergence of Integrated Circuit as a Means of Deepening Development

in Engineering in Era of Globalization

Nwosu, Frederick Chukwuebuka                                                                                              64-74

Applications of Composite Materials in the Development of Aerospace Industry

Ogakwu Paul Andrew & Okpanachi George Echiye                                                                75-85

Inhibition of Nst-44 Mild Steel Corrosion by Some Inorganic Substances

in 0.1m Ammonium Nitrate Solutions

M. Alagbe                                                                                                                                86-95  

Effects of Starch Additions in Concrete on the Passivation of Steel

in Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Aggressive Environments

Alhassan, A. Yunusa                                                                                                                96-110

Application of Least Absolute Sum (Las) Deformation Detection Method

using Coordinate Differences from Different Observational Campaigns

Omogunloye O.G., Shittu O.G., Ipadeola A.O. and Ojegbile B.M.                                          111-135

APPLICATION OF LEAST ABSOLUTE SUM (LAS) DEFORMATION DETECTION METHOD USING COORDINATE DIFFERENCES FROM DIFFERENT OBSERVATIONAL CAMPAIGNS

Omogunloye O.G., Shittu O.G., Ipadeola A.O. and Ojegbile B.M

Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering

University of Lagos, Akoka-Lagos, Nigeria

E-mail:- gabolushohan@yahoo.com,

Abstract: Deformation study is one of the main research fields in geodesy. Deformation study comprises measurement, processing and analysis phases, Measurement techniques can be divided into geotechnical, structural and geodetic methods. Geotechnical and structural methods uses equipment such as tiltmeters, Pseodolites, Laser scanners e.t.c to measure changes in length, inclination, relative height, strains e.t.c.  The geodetic methods are of two basic types, the reference and relative methods. This study focuses on the deformation analysis using the geodetic method known as the Least Absolute Sum Method. The method consists mainly of the independent adjustment of each of two epoch data, compatibility test on their a posteriori variances, followed by determination of Trend of movements for all the common points in the monitoring network. A triangulation network was designed (carefully selected) consisting of  45  YTT series second order control  points within the study area (Lagos State) resulting in  a total of  63 triangles,189 observations and 90 unknown parameters with 99 degrees of freedom. The network adjustment was done using the method of least squares observation equations. The estimated variance factors for the 2D (horizontal) network were 7.82989325645394e-08 and 7.7207636996395e-08 while 0.03944 and 0.052339 represent the estimated variance factors for the 1D (height) for the first and second epochs networks respectively. The compatibility of the two epoch data was tested with the variance ratio and compatibility test criteria. Actual displacement vectors were computed and transformed into the same computational base using S-transformation by Least Absolute Sum (LAS), stable and unstable points within the monitoring network were determined using Single Point displacement test, the displacement vector magnitude was computed for the two methods, represented graphically to indicate possible trend of movements that might have occurred. This study finds applications in studying the deformation of large engineering structures such as high rise buildings, bridges, dams, oil exploration zones, mining sites and land slide monitoring.

EFFECTS OF STARCH ADDITIONS IN CONCRETE ON THE PASSIVATION OF STEEL IN REINFORCED CONCRETE EXPOSED TO AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS

Alhassan, A. Yunusa

Department of Civil Engineering,

Federal Polytechnic Idah, Idah, Nigeria

Email: alhassanay@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Corrosion of steel reinforcement embedded in concrete is a major cause of deterioration of reinforced concrete structure. Corrosion agents penetrate concrete due to its porous nature. This study examines the effects of cassava starch in concrete as corrosion inhibitor of reinforcement steel embedded in concrete. Starch enhances the protection of reinforcement by forming a protective film of gamma ferric oxide around the steel as well as reducing the pore spaces in concrete thereby impeding the ingress of corrosion agents. The effects of cassava starch addition, different curing types and varying concrete cover to reinforcement on the rate of corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel were investigated in the study. The result of the study shows that the use of 15% cassava starch in concrete mixtures, curing of reinforced concrete samples by sprinkling with water and a concrete cover of 40 mm improves the passivation potential of the embedded steel in concrete exposed to either chloride or sulphate environments.

INHIBITION OF NST-44 MILD STEEL CORROSION BY SOME INORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN 0.1M AMMONIUM NITRATE SOLUTIONS

M. Alagbe

Department of Metallurgical Engineering,

Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria

E-mail: alagbemic@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: This study presents the report of an investigation on the effect of sodium nitrite (NaN0₂), sodium biphosphate (Na₂HP0₄), potassium chromate (k₂Cr0₄), potassium dichromate (k₂Cr₂0₇) and sodium benzoate (C₆H₅COONa) inhibitors on the corrosion characteristics of NST-44 mild steel in 0.1M ammonium nitrate solutions.  The corrosion rates of the exposed mild steel were obtained using the weight loss immersion method.  It was observed that oxidizing inhibitors like sodium nitrite, potassium chromate and potassium dichromate were more efficient than non-oxidizing inhibitors like sodium biphosphate and sodium benzoate by providing inhibition at molar concentrations of 5 x 10^-3M and 5 x 10^-2M respectively in 0.1M ammonium nitrate solutions. The results obtained on cold-work and various inhibitors indicate that cold working increased adsorption of inhibitors.  Smaller quantities of inhibitors were therefore needed to inhibit corrosion of cold-worked mild steel than in un-worked sample.  The results of this research are expected to improve the corrosion resistance of this steel as a constructional material for fertilizers, dyes and explosives processing industries in Nigeria.

APPLICATIONS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

Ogakwu Paul Andrew & Okpanachi George Echiye

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Idah, Kogi State

Mechanical and Manufacturing Division, Centre for Satellite Technology Development, Abuja

Email: okpanachi1976@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Composites materials are intended to be used more extensively as an alternative of aluminium structure in aircraft and aerospace applications. This is due to their attractive properties as high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness to weight ratio. Besides that it clarifies the growing interest for composite materials due to advantages of lightweight, high strength, high stiffness, superior fatigue life, tremendous corrosion resistance and low cost manufacturing. Composites have attractive mechanical and physical properties that are now being utilized in automotive industry. New fibres, polymers, and processing techniques for all classes of composites are constantly being developed. Research is also on going to improve repair techniques, recyclability, and the bonding between fibres and matrix materials.

EMERGENCE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AS A MEANS OF DEEPENING DEVELOPMENT IN ENGINEERING IN ERA OF GLOBALIZATION

Nwosu, Frederick Chukwuebuka

Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering,

Federal Polytechnic Oko

Email: jirebus@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: One of the solid-state (semiconductor) devices utilized in electronics is integrated circuit (IC), usually built using silicon. In this modern era characterized by globalization, integrated circuit, through its application in electronic devices and computer, serves as a means to foster development in engineering. The paper is a discussion on how emergence of integrated circuit is a means to deepen development in engineering in era of globalisation. The paper emphasized on: engineering as a resource for development, use of integrated circuit in modern electronics, and utilization of electronics in promoting development in engineering. Certain recommendations were made based on the role and value of integrated circuit (IC) used in electronics for enhancing development in engineering. The paper pointed out that integrated circuit is employed in electronic system like computer which has brought about the existence of information technology and the internet. The use of electronic systems has helped in development of engineering in era of globalization by fostering productivity, intellectual acquisition, and communication.

PROXIMITY INTRUDER SECURITY SYSTEM: A TECHNOLOGICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INNOVATION FOR SOCIAL AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

¹Taneh, Nadum Anthony, ²Ndudi Christopher Okorieocha, ³Harry Inye H.  

^1&3Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori Rivers State, Nigeria

²Departmentof Industrial Technology Education, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

Email: nadumtaneh@yahoo.com, okorieochachris@yahoo.com & ipadibi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Proximity Intruder Security Alarm system, as the name implies, is a system that detects an intruder within a proximity up to two meters range within an unauthorised area. It is a system that alerts security personnel, residents of an environment, and of course scares hoodlums away. This innovative work carried out 4 different tests on 3 types of sensors to ascertain their extent of coverage. The tests were carried out on ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensor, and linear sensor. The test analyses shows that ultrasonic sensor has a longer distance up to 1.8 meters and wider radius coverage of 360^o, linear sensor 1.5 meters, 90^o, and infra-red sensor 1 meter, 90^o. The following components were used to achieve this laudable innovative work: linear, infra-red or ultrasonic sensor any of the sensors can be used along with contactor, revolving light, control box, auxiliary contacts, alarm, reset switch, pilot lamps, sling, hard object, motor, limit switch and power cord. It was concluded that criminality and insecurity had continued to subject private homes, business offices and industrial areas into state of dilemma, dwindling social and economic development of the nation. The following recommendations were proffered, that the system should be installed in places like residential, commercial areas, industrial, mini stores, super market, banks, all dwellings areas for protection against burglary, (theft) or property damage, as well as personal protection against intruders.

THE EFFECT OF COR ON THE RISER REACTOR PERFORMANCE OF THE

FCCU

Yousuo Digieneni

Department of Chemical Engineering,

Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State of Nigeria

E-mail: digieneniyousuo@yahoo.com;

ABSTRACT: A review on the Fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCCU) catalyst system was carried out. The riser reactor was stimulated using COMSOL Multiphysics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The extra fine mesh generator of the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to produce grid refinement in the riser reactor. The effect of catalyst oil ratio (COR) on riser reactor yields were studied. The results showed that the gasoline yield increases with the increasing COR, hold up of catalyst (1-ε) increased with increase of COR and so for all investigated input catalyst temperature the increase of hold up can lead to higher conversion and pressure drop. A maximum on gasoline yield appears when COR is 7 making gasoline yield going up to almost 52%. A minimum on coke yield appears when COR is 5 making coke yield up to 2%.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTY CHANGES IN MONODORA MYRISTICA SEED DURING ROASTING

Kwino Danlami Ibi & Benjamin A. Iwan        

Department of Agricultural and Bio – Environmental Engineering,

College of Agriculture, Jalingo, Taraba State

Email: kwinodanlami@gmail.com 

ABSTRACT: Thermal processes have been reported to affect the properties of biomaterials including seeds. Monodora myristica seeds are usually roasted prior to shelling, milling and use. The changes in the physical properties of Monodora myristica seeds during roasting were investigated in this study. The specific objectives of the study were to roast Monodora myristica seeds at different temperature and time combinations, determine the effect of the roasting parameters on the physical and frictional properties. Roasting parameters which include the roasting temperature at three levels (140, 170 and 200 ^oC) and roasting time at four levels (2, 7, 12 and 17 min.) were employed resulting in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment. The study revealed that the roasting temperature had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the size, shape and volume of the seeds. However, the roasting time significantly affected (p<0.05) the width, arithmetic and geometric diameters, and the volume except the length and the thickness. The length ranged from 17.22 to 18.87 mm, 17.93 to 18.08 mm, and 17.74 to 18.64 mm as the temperature increased from 140 to 200 ^oC and the time increased from 2 to 17 min. while the thickness ranged from 11.30 to 12.17 mm, 11.73 to 11.98 mm and 11.76 to 12.00 mm. The roasting parameters significantly affected (p<0.05) the complex geometric properties except the sphericity and the specific surface area. The effect of the roasting parameters on the angle of repose and the static coefficient of friction were significant (p<0.05) and followed the same trend. The highest mean coefficient of static friction values of 0.58, 0.53, and 0.53 were recorded at the 200 ^oC and 17 min. roasting condition on plywood, plastic and aluminum surfaces, respectively.

MODELLING THE DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF A METAL BULB TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER

Seigha I. Fetepigi, Zekieni R. Yelebe* and Revelation J. Samuel

Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering,

Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

E-mail: yelebezr@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: A mathematical model for the dynamic mechanism of a metal bulb temperature transmitter is developed. The model was formulated based on the mechanism of heat transfer, transmission of pressure along the capillary tube and the bellows movement. The combination of these three mechanisms produced the desired result of developing a transfer function that relates changes in bellows movement to changes in the temperature of the liquid in which the gas filled metal bulb is immersed. To obtain this transfer function requires that the inflow rate into the bellows be expressed as the ratio of difference in pressure to resistance at the entrance to the bellows. The transfer function obtained was translated to real time expression using the inverse Laplace transform technique.