Table of Contents

Laboratory-Accounting (PART 1)

Udeajah, V.N. and Nworie A.                                                                                                   1-16

Optimizing Natural Gas Assets from Marginal Fields in Nigeria

Koso I.I. and P.N. Onwuachi-Iheagwara                                                                                  17-33

Sustainability and Suitability of Polycarbonate in Public Building: An Overview

Bashir, U.M., and Haruna, A.U.                                                                                                            34-41

Design and Implementation of a Transformer Controlled Variable Rainfall Simulator

Okpeki U.K.                                                                                                                              42-53

A Laboratory Investigation of Di-electric Characteristics of Electrical Insulation

Materials in Air and in Oil

Lawal, A.O. and Resham D.                                                                                                     54-70

Determination of the Most Appropriate Least Squares Method for Position

Determination in a Triangulation Network

Omogunloye O.G., Qaadri J. A., Oladiboye O.Eand Oshode J. O.                                            71-83

Assessment of Water Supply Potential of the River Ethiope

Enamuotor  B.O.                                                                                                                      84-99

Comparative Study on the Haematological Characteristics of Malaria Infected and

Malaria Non-Infected Persons Referred to Art/HIV Laboratory,

Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State.

Etusim, P.E., Ihemanma, C.A., Nduka, F.O., Melariri P.E., and Ukpai, O.                                  100-112

Land Use Act and Socio-Economic Development Imperatives

Aneze, E.U                                                                                                                               113-128

Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Palm Kernel Shells Concrete and

Normal Weight Concrete in Ghana

J. Ayarkwa, A. Acheampong, M.Adom-Asamoah and R.O. Afrifa                                           129-146

Laboratory-Accounting (Part 2)

Udeajah, V.N. and Okereke, E.                                                                                                 147-154

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of 104 Knee Osteoarthritis Patients at

First Presentation

Oguntona  S.A.                                                                                                                                    155-165

Dose Concentration of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia Kola Seed Impairs Reproductive Function in Adult Male Albino Wistar Rats

1Agbai E.O., 2Ofoego U.C., 1Nwanegwo C.O., and 2Nwodo F.N.
1Department of Human Physiology
2Department of Human Anatomy
University Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT

This present study investigate the effect of Garcinia kola on testicular weight, serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and sperm count in adult male albino wistar rats after
administration of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola seeds at different dose concentration Twenty-five adult male albino wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B,
C and D). Group A served as the control group and were fed with normal rat chow. Group B received oral administration of extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Group C and
Group D received oral administration of extract (200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight) respectively. Administration of extract lasted for six weeks after which they were
sacrificed. Statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 in the weight of epididymis was recorded between Group A (0.64 ± 0.02) compared to Group C (1.13 ± 0.07). There
was also statistically significance at P < 0.05 between Group A (0.64 ± 0.02) compared to Group D (1.46 ± 0.12). The weight of the testes showed statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 between Group A (1.53 ± 0.16) compared to Group B (1.35 ±
0.09). There was statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 between Group A (1.53 ± 0.16) and Group C (1.31 ± 0.05). There was also statistically significant decrease at P <
0.05 between Group A (1.53 ± 0.16) and Group D (0.74 ± 0.1). Statistically significant difference in the serum LH level was recorded at P < 0.05 between Group A (4.21 ±
0.04) compared to Group C (4.41 ± 0.37). There was also statistically significance at P< 0.05 between Group A (4.21 ± 0.04) compared to Group D (4.51 ± 0.04).Testosterone level was statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 between Group A
(1.34 ± 0.14) compared to Group C (12.1 ± 0.03). There was also statistically significant

Inorganic Fertilizer Application and Its Effects on Microbial Population in Acid Soils
Grown with Khaya ivorensis in Central Cross River State, Nigeria
1Uzowulu, G.I, 2Ijomah, J.U, and 3Ovat, O.I
1 & 2Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management
Cross River University of Technology, Obubra Campus
3Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Calabar.
E-mail: iovatovat@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study investigated the effects of inorganic fertilizers (Nitrogen and Copper) at different levels on the microbial numbers in acid soil grown with Khaya ivorensis in a green house experiment. Results show that the microbial numbers (fungi plus
bacteria) increased with N application up to 100ppm and Cu application up to 10ppm.The combined application of N and Cu led to the greatest microbial population. High application of N at 400ppm and Cu at 20 and 40ppm however
reduced the microbial population in the treated soil.

Bitter Leaf Extract (Vernonia amygdalina): An Antidote for Blood Sugar Reduction (Diabetes) Nmor E.I. and Odeh O.H.

Department of Agricultural Technology,
Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro.
Email: edithnmor@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Due to the high rate of carbohydrate intake which could lead to a disease disorder called diabetes, hence the need to evaluate the efficacy of bitter leaf extract on the reduction of blood sugar (diabetes). The amount of sugar present in six starchy food:
cassava flakes, yam, maize flour, cassava starch, fufu paste and bread was evaluated and the effect of bitter leaf extract on the reduction of blood sugar was taken. The result revealed that for the amount of sugar present in each food, cassava flakes had 0.75g, yam 0.43, maize 1.52, fufu paste 0.54, wheat bread 3.20
and cassava starch 1.0 while the result on the effect of bitter leaf extract on the reduction rate of sugar, the result shows that for the deep blue colour to disappear, it took cassava flakes 6 minutes, yam 5 minutes, maize 20 minutes, fufu paste 5.5 minutes, and bread 30 minutes,. The research shows that yam had lowest amount
of sugar and also had the least time for the disappearance of deep blue colour. It is therefore recommended that yam should be taken by the diabetic patients and the public in general to avoid the occurrence of diabetes in the developing countries
especially in Nigeria.

Design of Home Use Power Inverter Circuitry Interface 1Japheth B.R. and 2Spencer P.

1Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Nigeria
2Department of Computer Science, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
E-mail: jbunakiye@yahoo.com , pakaye_kirime@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an inverter system of 1KVA Power is designed from transformation ratio equations and relay configuration and on to electronic components and devices
that converts DC Supply from Battery to AC Supply suitable for household and office appliance to cater for instability in power supply. The AC supply given out has a relatively smooth Sine Wave required for normal operation of any appliance. The Inverter is designed to operate for a minimum of thirty (34)
minutes, which depends on the ampere hour rating of battery used in the inverter. The charged battery of the 1KVA inverter is capable of maintaining the continuity and quality of electric power supply in a living home with a battery charger using a square wave oscillation, power MOSFET switching circuits and
two lead acidic 60AH batteries. The results of the analysis of the inverter interface are attached as appendix.

Clinical and Radiological Characteristics of 104 Knee Osteoarthritis Patients at First Presentation

Oguntona S.A.
Department of Medicine
Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
E-mail: oguntonasa@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the commonest articular disease in the elderly people. It
represents a heterogenous group of conditions resulting in common histopathological
and radiologic changes. Current view holds that OA is a disease of the entire joint organ
and not of cartilage alone. A prospective study of all elderly patients aged 40 years and
above with knee pain was conducted. Plain radiographs of the affected knee were
requested. People below 40 years and those with traumatic pain or polyarticular
involvement were excluded. The study was carried out in a private rheumatology clinic
over three years (July 2009- June 2012). OA constituted 30.9% of all rheumatology
cases seen over the studied period. Male constituted 30.8% and female made up of
61.2%, with a male: female ratio of 1:2.3. 76.9% presented after one year duration of
onset of pain. Medial compartment of the knee was affected in 76.9% of patients on
plain radiograph. Considerable variation occurred with pain severity and radiographic
findings. 65.4% of the patients were either overweight or obese. Hypertension was the
commonest co-morbid condition (48.1%). The results of knee radiographs should not be
used in isolation when assessing individual patients with knee pain. The clinical
presentations must be considered alongside the plain radiographic findings.

Comparative Study of the Physical Properties of Palm Kernel Shells Concrete and Normal Weight Concrete in Ghana

1A. Acheampong, 2M. Adom-Asamoah 3J. Ayarkwa, and 4R.O. Afrifa
1,2,3,&4Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
E-mail: achielex@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. To
ensure sustainability and a reduction in the cost of concrete, the use of renewable
agricultural waste materials as aggregates becomes desirable. This paper presents
results of a comparative study of the physical and compressive strength of palm
kernel shell concrete (PKSC) and normal weight concrete (NWC) using Portlandlimestone
cement (class 32.5R) and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) herein called
Ghacem Extra Cement(class 42.5N). Palm kernel shells were used as lightweight
coarse aggregate in PKSC and granite was used as aggregates for the normal
concrete. The study was conducted in accordance with the British Standards (BS
812, 1990; BS 1881, 1996). Two mixes of ratios 1:1.3:0.7 and 1:1.7:2.5 by weight
were used in the study. The values obtained for water absorption, aggregate impact,
aggregate crushing, specific gravity and Los Angeles abrasion, satisfy the minimum
requirements of aggregates for structural concrete as specified in BS 882, 1992. The
density of the PKSC was about 22% lower than that of the normal weight concrete
for both cement types. Compressive strengths of both PKSC and normal weight
concretes with Portland-limestone cement and Ghacem Extra cement evaluated at 7,
14 and 28-days showed that Ghacem Extra cement produced concretes of higher
compressive strengths than Portland-limestone cement for PKSC and normal weight
concrete. In general, the compressive strength of PKSC using Ghacem Extra cement
compare well with those obtained from other materials used for structural lightweight
concretes.

Laboratory-Accounting (PART 2)

Udeajah, V.N. and Okereke, E.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science,
Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
E-mail add: vakadujah45@yahoo.com, vakadujah45@gmail.com,

Land Use Act and Socio-Economic Development Imperatives Aneze, E.U

Department of Surveying & Geoinformatics
Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu
Email: emmaeze2004@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Land is among the most valuable natural resources bestowed on man. His life is a repertoire of efforts to interact with land to provide his needs since the dawn of civilization. However, the riches of land can be destroyed and / or exhausted if mismanaged. It is therefore incumbent on man to adopt a proper land husbandry
procedure to ensure that the resources of land are used to satisfy his needs of today and at the same time conserve some for tomorrows needs. This paper highlights the origin of land tenure system in Nigeria, the desirably or other wise of the land use Act,
main provisions of the Act and the provisions of the Act and the challenges of MDGs. The discourse was able to buttress the view that the land use Act was conceived with noble objectives, but its implementation over the years has been fraught with problems
thereby constituting a dog in the wheel of national development and an impediment to socio-economic growth of the nation.

Comparative Study on the Haematological Characteristics of Malaria Infected and Malaria Non-Infected Persons Referred to Art/HIV Laboratory, Abia State University

Teaching Hospital, Aba, Abia State.
1Etusim, P.E., 2Ihemanma, C.A., 1Nduka, F.O., 3Melariri P.E., and 4Ukpai, O.
1Unit of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Biological and Physical Sciences,
Abia State University, Uturu.
2Unit of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Abia State Polytechnic, Aba.
3Division of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Medical School K45, Old
Main Building Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
4Department of Zoology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State.
Email addresses: etusimp@gmail.com, adaokey1981@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

People infected with HIV/AIDS frequently have hematological derangements which include anaemia, Leucopenia, and Thrombocytopenia. In this study, hematological
parameters between malaria positive(+) and negative(–) HIV infected persons referred to ART/HIV laboratory, Abia State University teaching hospital, Aba were compared.
Blood samples collected for haematological assays were run using an automated full blood counter and malaria parasitaemia was determined by blood smear microscopy. A
total of 490 adults living with HIV parasites were examined. Of these 373(76.1%) were found to have malaria while 117(23.3%) had no malaria infection. Haematological analysis of blood samples showed higher mean values of RBC (×1012 /μL)(4.66±4.28 for
(–)/3.80±2.30, for (+),WBC(×109/μL)(5.39±1.68 for (–)/5.35±3.61 for (+), HB(g/dl)(12.16±2.41 for (–)/10.44±2.09 for (+),HCT(%)(36.42±6.71 for (–)/32.45±15.82
for (+),MCH(pg)(28.67±3.76 for (–/28.32±4.38 for (+), MCHC(g/dl)(33.28±1.38 for (–)/32.64±2.37 for (+), PLT(x109/μL)(233.56±123.26 for (–)/227.20±93.98 for (+)LYM(%)(50.83±56.78 for (–)/41.53±13.67 for (+), NEUT(%)(39.68±14.66 for (–
)/37.98±19.19 for (+), for malaria uninfected persons. Lower mean values of MCV (FL)(85.54±10.03 for (–)/86.63±11.09 for (+), MXD(%)(16.08±9.93 for (–)/23.04±28.83
for (+) were observed in malaria uninfected persons. The variation seen in the mean