Table of Contents

Monetary Policy and Balance of Payments in Nigeria: A Co-Integration Scrutiny

Abomaye-Nimenibo, Williams Aminadokiari S., & Inimino, Edet Etim                                  1-18

How do External Public Loan Affect Economic Growth in Nigeria

Chude, Nkiru Patricia and Chukwunulu Jessie Ijeoma                                                                        19-32

Effect of Multiple Taxation on Performance of Small Scale

Business in Maiduguri Metropolis

Iliya Hudson Usmana                                                                                                              33-70

Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employee Job Attitudes: A Review

Ugo Chuks Okolie, Aghogh Victory Igborhiohwunu, Osahon Godfrey Omole                         71-93

Good Governance: The Imperative of Peace and Security in Nigeria’s

Fourth Republic

M.M. Adagbabiri and U.C. Okolie                                                                                            94-106

GOOD GOVERNANCE: THE IMPERATIVE OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC

¹M.M. Adagbabiri and ²U.C. Okolie

¹Department of Political Science, Delta State University Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

²Chartered Institute of Personal Management of Nigeria, Edo State Study Centre, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria

Email: ugookolie@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Nigeria like most other democratic countries entrenched the principles of good governance as criteria for democratic governance in her 1999 constitution. However, despite this constitutional provision, as well as the enormous resources and huge potentialities, good governance continues to be elusive to Nigeria. This is exacerbated by the seeming failure of governance to address key issues affecting economic development such as poverty alleviation, access to education, employment, resource distribution, infrastructure development and political power contests. This has indeed robbed the country of desired peace and security, which are necessary ingredients for sustainable development. This paper argues that the problem of development in Nigeria in a problem of governances; when defined in term of the proper, fair and equitable allocation of resources for the achievement of the end or purpose of the state, which is the promotion of the common good. The central argument of the study is to weave a thread linking the Nigeria state’s ability to ensure human security and a convivial atmosphere, the focus of which is the protection of the people and the response to their needs especially as these concern threats to life and property. This is cast within the context of global peace and security where consideration is not just for protection, but also empowerment of people and societies as a means of engendering development. Unless these categorical steps are taken, the country may experience another democratic breakdown that will spell doom for the nation – state.

Impact of Work-Life Balance on Employee Job Attitudes: A Review

Ugo Chuks Okolie, Aghogho Victory Ighorhiohwunu, Osahon Godfrey Omole

Chartered Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria,

Edo State Study Centre, Benin City.

Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi Edo State

Email: omoleglo@gmail.com, victory4joy2005@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Employee is a key element of the organization. The success or failure of the organization depends on employee job attitudes (job satisfaction, employees’ commitment and job engagement). However, employees are happy to work in an organization that helps them to balance between the needs of personal and the needs of work-life. Difficulty in balancing work and personal life affect job satisfaction, employees’ commitment and job engagement. The challenge of balancing work and personal life is one of today’s central concerns for both individuals and organizations. The importance of managing an employee’s work-life balance has become more prominent in the last decade. Therefore, the study submits that establishing and implementing effective work-life balance policies and programmes in work settings will go along way to enhance employee’s job attitudes. The study also lays down strategies to strikes a better work-life balance.

Effect of Multiple Taxation on Performance of Small Scale Business in Maiduguri Metropolis

Iliya Hudson Usmana

Division of General Studies

University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri

Email: Iliyausmana@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Though successive government have tried to review tax policies and established schemes to bail out SSBs to create enabling environment for successful operation of small businesses, but the implementation of the initiatives has been seriously compromised due to the issue of corruption from the custodian of the funds remitted and the existence of fake revenue collectors in the system at both the state and local government levels. The issue of multiple taxes has remained unabated affecting movement of goods and services within and outside the state. Some studies have been carried out on the small scale businesses in Borno state for example, Abba and Ahmed (2014) examined financial analysis of small scale cattle fattening in Bama local government of Borno state. While Usman, Ahmad and Yahaya (2015) examined the role of government in financing small scale businesses in Maiduguri. Abdulfatah and Jummai (2013) examined financing small scale businesses for higher productivity in Borno state, while Hudson, at. El. (2014) studied SSBs` and employment generation in Maiduguri Metropolis Yet, there are no studies on the effect of multiple taxation on the performance of SSBs in Maiduguri Metropolis. This leaves a clear existing gap this work intends to fill. This study examined the effect of multiple taxation on the performance of SSBs in Maiduguri Metropolis guided by three objectives, three research questions and three hypotheses. The result of the study found out that; multiple taxation has a significant effect on the capital employed by SSBs in Maiduguri Metropolis; multiple taxation has significant effect on the profitability of SSBs in Maiduguri Metropolis and; multiple taxation has a significant effect on the sales growth of SSBs in Maiduguri Metropolis.

Keyword: Multiple Taxation and Small Scale Business

HOW DO EXTERNAL PUBLIC LOAN AFFECT ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

¹CHUDE, NKIRU PATRICIA AND ²CHUKWUNULU JESSIE IJEOMA

Department of Banking and Finance

Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus Awka Nigeria.

Email: nkypat2014@yahoo.com, chukwunulu@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether or not external loans (debts) drive economic growth in Nigeria using an econometric approach to investigate the significant effect of economic relationship between external loan stock and economic growth of Nigeria. The study ascertained whether there is true significant efftect of Nigeria’s borrowing with london club of creditors (LC), paris club of creditor (PC) and Multilateral creditors (MC) on economic growth proxied by Gross Domestic product (GDP) in Nigeria for the period 1999-2013. The data for the study were mainly secondary data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Annual Report and Statistical Bulletin, Debt Management Office (DMO) and Federal Office of Statistics (FOS). The data were equally subjected to statistical analysis with the use of Coefficient of Multiple Determination, F-Statistics and Durbin Watson statistics. The t-test statistics was employed in testing the hypotheses.The results of the study established that an increase in Nigeria’s borrowing with London Club of creditors (LC), Paris Club of Creditors (PC) and Multilateral Creditors (MC) bring about increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria. It was also established that there exists significnat effects of the external loan variables (LC, PC and MC) on economic growth variable (GDP). The implication of the study is that if the governement can contract loan for the promotion of economic growth through investment in capital formation and other social overhead capital, will on the long run affect the economic growth of Nigeria posiively. We therefore recommend that there is need for fiscal discipline and high sense of responsibility in the economy as it relates to handling of public funds. In view of the negative contribution of external debt to economic growth, it is further recommended among others, that cost-benefit analysis, prioritization of projects, absorptive capacity of the economy, investment on productive self-financing projects, probity as well as accountability in handling government resources and debt sustainability should form the basis for contracting external debt finance.

Keywords: External Debt, Economic Growth, Paris Club of Creditors, London Club   of Creditors, Multilateral Creditors  

Monetary Policy and Balance of Payments in Nigeria: A Co-Integration Scrutiny 

ABOMAYE-NIMENIBO, WILLIAMS AMINADOKIARI S., & INIMINO, EDET ETIM

Department of Economics, Obong University, Obong Ntak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Department of Economics, University of Uyo, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Email:wasanim2006@yahoo.com, Email: clergyedet1@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The study examines balance of payments and monetary policy in Nigeria from 1980 to 2013. The main purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between monetary policy and balance of payments in Nigeria. The data for the study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. The variables were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey fuller test. Also, Johansen co-integration method was the main tool for the analysis. From the Johansen co-integration result, we discover that there are two co- integrating equations because Max-Eigen Statistical values are larger than critical values. Thus, we accept the alternative hypothesis that there is a long run relationship between balance of payments (BOP), interest rate (INT), money supply (MS) and government expenditure (GEX). Meaning that, uninterrupted, appropriate and suitable monetary policy has the ability to solve balance of payments problem in Nigeria. Based on the above findings, the paper recommends that monetary policy should be complemented with an effective fiscal policy to improve the Nigeria’s balance of payments situation.

Keywords: BOP, Government Expenditure, Interest Rate, Money Supply, and Monetary policy, Expansionary, Contractionary and Co-integration.