Table of Contents

Analysis of Produced Water from Four Communities in Delta State

(Niger Delta), Nigeria

Umudi, E. Q.……………………………………………………………………………………………….         1-6

Modelling of the Monochromatic Photon-To-Current Efficiency of Solar

Cells Using Matlab

Efurumibe Ezinna Lucky and Asiegbu, Daniel Anyalewechi……………………………….  7-10

The Significance of Biogas Plants in Nigeria’s Energy Strategy

Opeh Raymond and Okezie U…………………………………………………………………………      11-17

The Role and Impact of Information System and Society in Information

and Communication Technology

Lanloye, D.O and Oloruntoyin S. T.……………………………………………………………….      18-28

Recycle of Polyethylene Tetraphthalate Waste

P. Oghome………………………………………………………………………………………………….      29-34

Experimental Study of Electronic Key Movement Book for Organizations

Japheth B. R. and Patrick K …………………………………………………………………………..      35-50

Synthesis and Spectropic Characterization of Schiff Base Complexes of Cinnamaldehyde Hydrazones

O .W. Salawu and A.O Abdulsalam………………………………………………………………..       51-61

Trace Metals Analysis of Soil and Water Samples from a Limestone-

Mining Site in Sokoto state Nigeria

Itumoh, Emeka J.; Izuagie, Thompson.; Omaka, Ndukaku O.; Uba, Ahmad; Shuaibu, Malami;

Dogonyaro, Ismaila. A.; Isah, Abdullahi.; Dange, Attahiru. U. and Isah, Saidu I.…………………       62-71

Analytical Study of Local Potash around Yola Metropolis of Adamawa

State

M. H. Shagal……………………………………………………………………………………………           72-76

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF LOCAL POTASH AROUNND YOLA METROPOLIS OF ADAMAWA STATE

M. H. Shagal

Department of Chemistry

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria

Email: hassanm962@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Potash was separately prepared using Guinea corn husk, Baobab pod, Water hyacinth and Banana husk locally. There chemical compositions were studied. Analysis of calcium and magnesium ion content in the samples was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Determination of potassium and sodium ions was carried out using flame photometer. Carbonate and hydrogen carbonate ions levels were obtained by back titration. The determination of chloride ion was done by Mohr titration, while hydroxide ion determination was carried out using total alkaline method. Lastly percentage insoluble residue was determined by ashing method. The results generally indicated that local potash prepared from different sources differ in chemical composition.

Key words: Potash, composition, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, magnesium.

TRACE METALS ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND WATER SAMPLES FROM A LIMESTONE-MINING SITE IN SOKOTO STATE NIGERIA.

^aItumoh, Emeka J.^*; ^bIzuagie, Thompson.; ^aOmaka, Ndukaku O.; ^cUba, Ahmad.; ^bShuaibu, Malami.; ^bDogonyaro, Ismaila. A.; ^bIsah, Abdullahi.; ^bDange, Attahiru. U. and ^bIsah, Saidu I.

^aDepartment of Industrial Chemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki
^bDepartment of Natural Sciences, Sokoto State Polytechnic, Sokoto
^cDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

^*E-mail: ray.chukwuemekajude@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT
Atomic absorption spectrophotometeric determination of metal contents of soil and water samples of a limestone-mining site is presented in this report. The work is based on the concern that the concentration of metals in soils, ground and surface water increases as a result of mining and other industrial activities. Soil and water samples collected from the site in Kalambaina were analyzed for metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu) by AAS model 210 VGP after pre-sample treatments. The results yielded 1.57 ± 0.4 mgL^-1 and 0.29 ± 0.02 mgL^-1 Zn for soil and water samples respectively. Pb (0.03 ± 0.007) mgL^-1, Mn (0.16 ± 0.02) mgL^-1 were detected in the soil sample only, while Ni, Cu and Fe were not detected in both the soil and water samples. Temperature, pH, electrical conductivities, turbidity, total alkalinity and hardness of the soil and water samples were analyzed to help in the study of the work. The result suggests that the metal concentrations of the site might have resulted from atmospheric depositions, traffic activities, bedrock geochemistry and mining activities. The metal concentrations of the studied site were all below the maximum permissible limits and thus posses no contamination threat to water flowing from it.

Keywords: Limestones, mining, trace metals, Kalambaina, Sokoto

SYNTHESIS , AND SPECTROPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF CINNAMALDEHYDE HYDRAZONES

* O .W. Salawu  and  A.O  Abdulsalam

Department Of Chemistry

 Kogi State University, Anyigba , Anyigba, Nigeria

e-mail: olalekansalawu5@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The synthesis and structural features of some Bidentate Schiff  base complexes are reported. The ligand was derived by the condensation of Cinnamaldehyde hydrazone with different benzaldehyde . The co-ordination of the metal salts based on this  ligand with transition metal ions viz, Cu⁺², Ni⁺², Mn⁺², Co⁺² and  Fe⁺² were prepared and studied for their metal : ligand ratio (M/L),it has been found that ligand forms complexes in 1:2 ratio. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic momentum measurements, melting point ,  IR,  spectral data and uv-visible spectral data . An octahedral geometry was proposed for all metal complexes. The conductivity data show that all these complexes are non electrolytes. The ligands and their metal complexes were screened for Gram positive bacteria Bacillus Substlis and Gram negative bacteria E.Coli .

Keywords: Hydrazones, Cinnamaldehyde ,  Antibacterial activity, Antifungal activity, Transition metal complexes and IR studies .

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRONIC KEY MOVEMENT BOOK FOR ORGANIZATIONS

Japheth B. R. and Patrick K.

Department of Mathematics/Computer Science

Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Nigeria

jbunakiye@yahoo.com; ktarila@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Usually collection of keys are manually driven, hence it’s time consuming. Staffs of organizations have to sign in and sign out for keys in order to accomplish the daily jobs. In the process much time is spent collecting keys for the specific offices. This is because they are expected to write their names, departments, date, time against these respected columns; before they will now sign across the key columns, in a Key Movement Book (KMB) that keeps records keys collection. The present system is a manual driven process, where signing in and out of key is done manually. Hence, the signing of keys is slow and in efficient in terms of checking for keys availability and retrieval. In addition, the naming convention of the keys are don randomly and not in a structured manner.  The collection of keys is insecure.  This means the security risk of a staff coming from one department to sign key for another department is high. This risk coupled with the associated job hazards of the security staff necessitated the analysis of this new with a view to minimizing or out rightly stopping them. The requirements and structure of the new system is analyzed and designed.   The requirement entails component parts of the systems. While the structure describes the system design, in respect to Entity Relational Diagram(ERD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Class Diagram(CD).  These diagrammatic tools are used to show the, inputs, objects, processes and outputs of systems in a diagrammatic manner.

Key Words: Entity Relational Diagram (ERD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Key Movement Book (KMB), Class Diagram (CD), Key Movement Report (KMR), Key Report Book (KRB)

RECYCLE OF POLYETHYLENE TETRAPHTHALATE WASTE

P. Oghome

Department of Chemical Engineering
Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State

Email:ify_pros@yahoo.com.

ABSTRACT

The recycling of polyethylene tetraphthalate (PET) was carried out to determine its feasibility and economic viability.  The recyclate was characterized to determine its intrinsic viscosity (I. V.), melting point and viscosity average molecular weight in order to ascertain the extent of polymer degradation due to weathering and heat homogenization.  It was found that weathering induced degradation resulted in an I.V drop of 0.035dl/g while homogenization was responsible for a further I. V. drop of 0.05dl/g and a consequent viscosity average molecular weight (M_v) drop of 3000g/gmol.  A final I. V drop of 0.68dl/g was observed which was converted to an M_v of 29407g/gmol.  This result was close enough to that of virgin resins and can be reused, when mixed with virgin resins for blow molding.  It can also be used for the production of film and fiber.The objective of this work is to reduce the amount of non-biodegradable substance in our environment, to determine the effect of degradation on post consumer PET and providing an alternative source of raw material at reduced cost for PET consuming industries.

Keywords:  Recycling, Homogenization, Weathering, Intrinsic Viscosity, Non-biodegradable, Reclamation.

THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF INFORMATION SYSTEM AND SOCIETY IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Lanloye, D.O and Oloruntoyin S. T.

Department of Computer Science

Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, Oyo

adex197@yahoo.com; olanloyeo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The term information system refers to information technology that is used by people to accomplish a specified organizational or individual objective. The technology may be used in the gathering, processing, storing, and/or dissemination of information and the users are trained in the use of that technology, as well as in the procedures to be followed in doing so. The specific technologies that collectively comprise information technology are computer technology and data communication technology. Computers provide most of the storage and processing capabilities, while data communications-specifically networks-provide the means for dissemination and remote access of information. Advances in computer hardware, software, and networking technologies have spurred an evolution in the structure, design, and use of corporate information system.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOGAS PLANTS IN NIGERIA’S ENERGY STRATEGY

Opeh Raymond and Okezie U

Dept. of Physics and Energy studies

 Western Delta University, Oghara, Delta State

opehraymond@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

In the face of dwindling power generation that has bedeviled the nation since independence, the need to generate low cost and constant electricity cannot be overemphasized. Due to the epileptic power supply to the national grid, it has become absolutely important to explore other cheap sources of power to meet our urban and rural energy need. This will in no small measure support our national grid and reduce rural-urban drift. The complete dependence on gas generated by the Nigeria National Petroleum Co-operation to power our turbines at our gas plants often exposes the country to power outage due to high cost of maintenance and vandalism. Applying biogas technology to generate power can help the country develop its energy sector more rapidly as the raw material needed to feed the biogas plants are just mere waste such as agricultural and domestic waste. The focus of this paper is on the use of biogas to generate electricity and the production of domestic cooking gas across the rural and urban settlements in the country. The country stands the chance of meeting her vision 20-20-20 which is anchored on constant electricity if this is critically studied by the Ministry of Power and other related agencies of government in charge of our National Gas Plan.

Keywords –      National grid, biogas technology, rural-urban drift, vision 20-20-20.

MODELLING OF THE MONOCHROMATIC PHOTON-TO-CURRENT EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS USING MATLAB

Efurumibe Ezinna Lucky and Asiegbu, Daniel Anyalewechi

Department of Physics

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

efuribeezinna@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The performance of solar cells depends on their monochromatic photon-to-current efficiency. In this study a model of the monochromatic photon-to-current efficiency (MPCE) was develop following the relation: MPCE = J_sc x V_oc x FF / P_i, using matlab.

At the end the mode of operation of the model was explained. The aim of this research is to promote the use of matlab in scientific study.

Keywords: Monochromatic, Photon, Current, Efficiency, Solar cells

ANALYSIS OF PRODUCED WATER FROM FOUR COMMUNITIES IN DELTA STATE (NIGER DELTA), NIGERIA

Umudi, E. Q.

Department of Chemistry

College of Education, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

e-mail: ese.umudi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Produced water from four Delta State Community flow-stations [Ogulaha (A), Sokobolor (B), Iyokiri (C) and Okirika (D)] 10 miles apart were analyzed.  They contain 35.26ppm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for A, 4.57ppm for B, 60.68 for (C) and 53.00 for (D).  pH values were 8.10 for A, 8.20 for B, 8.10 for C and 8.10 for D, tuibidity values were 63NTU for A, 51 for B, 47 for C and 66 for D.  BOD and COD were (310.00, 121.00, 201.31 and 231.21)ppm and (810.00, 710.00, 913.00 and 810.00) ppm respectively for samples A, B, C, and D.  Total organic carbon (mg/l) was 30.00, 154.00, 23.00 and 240.00 for the samples A, B, C and D.  The metal concentrations of iron, zinc, nickel, cadmium and lead were higher than accepted limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) and National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) while copper, chromium and manganese were within acceptable limits.

Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mutagenic, tetratogenic, NESREA and water.