Table of Contents

War memorial Museum as a Tool for Fostering Peace and

Reconciliation in Nigeria.

Ogonda Justice Nyema, Owajionyi L. Frank                                                  1-20

Cities in Nigeria Needs Urban Design for Comfort and Safety

Arc. Boyce A. Odoko, Okoduwa. O. Joseph.                                                     21-26

Fastness and Fading Characteristics of Mango Leaves Extracted Dye

on Fabrics Exposed to Sunlight in a Designed and Constructed Frame

Akpan, E. A., Ikya, J.K.                                                                                      27-33

Laboratory-Accounting (Part 1)

Udeajah, Victoria Ndidiamaka and Nworie  Amos                                         34-48

Optimizing Natural Gas Assets from Marginal Fields in Nigeria

Koso I. Idigbe and P N. Onwuachi-Iheagwara                                                 49-64

Respiratory Health Status and Its Correlation to Anthropometric

Parameters of Undergraduate Students of Imo State University,

P.M.B 2000, Owerri, Imo State.

Alagwu E.A and Alagwu N.D.                                                                                     65-72

RESPIRATORY HEALTH STATUS AND ITS CORRELATION TO ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF IMO STATE UNIVERSITY, P.M.B 2000, OWERRI, IMO STATE

Alagwu E.A and Alagwu N.D.

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine,

Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State.

Abstract: Respiratory health status and its correlation to anthropometric parameters – Height, body weight, age and body mass index (BMI) of undergraduate students of Imo State University, Owerri, were studied using Wright Peak Expiratory Flow Meter. Out of 906 questionnaires administered to the students for the study, 444 were completed and returned. This number constitutes the study group (test). 88 out of 444 students live in industrial areas of Owerri, 29 students smoke cigarettes and 68 students had previous history of cough. The study lasted for 3months and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR] and its correlation to anthropometric parameters among the students were established. Results obtained showed that PEFR for male students were significantly higher than female students (P<.005). It also showed that   PEFR for male and female students living in industrial areas of Owerri   were significantly lower than their counterparts living in non industrial areas of Owerri (P<0.05). PEFR for smokers were significantly reduced than non smokers(P<0.05). On the anthropometric parameters, it was observed that PEFR increased linearly with increase in age from 16-29 years and declined from 30-40 years. PEFR was also observed to significantly increase with increase in height and body weight. Students with previous history of cough have their PEFR reduced compared with those free from cough (P<0.05). However, PEFR was unaffected by body mass index (BMI] in the present study. It is therefore concluded that respiratory health status and its correlation to anthropometric parameters of Imo State University undergraduate students were affected by height, age, sex and body weight with maximum respiratory functional activities between 22-29years.

Keywords: Respiratory, Health status, peak expiratory flow rate, Imo State University students.

OPTIMIZING NATURAL GAS ASSETS FROM MARGINAL FIELDS IN NIGERIA

Koso I. Idigbe ^* and P N. Onwuachi-Iheagwara

^**Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

*Delta State University, Abraka, Oleh campus, Oleh, Nigeria

Email: ^*kiidigbe@gmail.com; ^{**pniheagwara@gmail.com}

Abstract: This paper presents the results of the investigations on effectively integrating natural gas to getting the best economic values from marginal fields. Effective organograms and assets management are major keys that will drive the exploitation and effective monetization of natural gas from these fields. Natural gas is an important input to the success of major sectors of the economy, and therefore, should be properly exploited from marginal fields.

Keywords: Natural Gas, Economic Values, Marginal Fields, Organograms, Assets Management, Monetization

LABORATORY-ACCOUNTING (PART 1)

Udeajah, Victoria Ndidiamaka and Nworie  Amos

Department of Medical laboratory Science

Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki

E-mail add: vakadujah45@gmail.com, nworieamos@yahoo.com

FASTNESS AND FADING CHARACTERISTICS OF MANGO LEAVES EXTRACTED DYE ON FABRICS EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT IN A DESIGNED AND CONSTRUCTED

^*1 Akpan, E. A., ²Ikya, J.K.

¹Department of Home Science and Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi.

²Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Makurdi

Email: akpanefiong77@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

In this study, a dye was extracted from mango leaves and the solution obtained was deep yellow but turned light brown when a mordant (alum) was added to it. The two solutions – one containing alum and the other without alum were each tested on their ability to imprint colour on the cotton and wool fabrics. The cotton dyed fabrics (one without alum and the other with alum) were thereafter exposed to sunlight using the exposure frame (designed and constructed sensor instrument) for 40 hours to detect and evaluate the fastness and fading capacity of the dyes. The result revealed that the solution of the dyes without alum (deep yellow) turned the cotton fabric creamy with no significant change in colour after 40 hours of exposure in the designed and constructed exposure frame. This instrument confirmed that the creamy colour on the fabric was indication of its fastness to sunlight and suitability as dye for cotton fabric. The solution with Alum (light brown) turned the cotton fabric lemon green but after exposure to sunlight in an exposure frame there was a significant change and the colour was lost. This indicated fading and the inability of the dye to be applied on cotton favric when alum is used as a mordant. In dyed wool fabric exposed for 40 hours to sunlight, all lost their colours indicating the unsuitability of the mango dye on wool with or without mordant

Conclusion: the exposure frame was able to determine the suitability of mango dyes for cotton fabric without mordant and unsuitability of the dye for wool fabrics

CITIES IN NIGERIA NEEDS URBAN DESIGN FOR COMFORT AND SAFETY

¹Arc. Boyce A. Odoko²Okoduwa. O. Joseph.

¹Department of Architecture, National Institute of Construction Technology. Uromi, Edo State.

²Department of Survey and Geoinformatics. National Institute of Construction Technology, Uromi, Edo State.

Email: odokoarch@yahoo.com

Abstract: Nigerian urban centers needs to provide facilities for the inhabitants for their comfort, convenience and safety. Amenities, such as, Parks, Cinema Center, Grocery Stores, Shopping Mall, good Roads and Suburban areas, just as it is done in the Western world where Nigerians who has the means frequently go and enjoy. Determination of the extent of impact to which the project will change the existing environment’s arrangement and appearance is very crucial. Design change that will result to positive view of pedestrians of the public space is very significant for the community. Provision of street cape with pedestrian walkways that are equipped with pedestrian light poles, seating places, trash receptacles, trees to provide shade and pedestrian cross-walk will create major pleasant environment for the inhabitants of the city. With such development or provision of these amenities, it will not only create positive psychological effect on the inhabitants, but will also give a positive image or picture of good urban development and will also induce good economic growth. People will be very happy to belong in such environment because of the amenities provided for their pleasure. Provision of good road network connected to these amenities will enable the urban inhabitants have access to the facilities. The design process should provide attractive public open spaces to boost high psychological influence on the people and reduce stress by integration of physical built structures and green spaces.

Keywords: Urban Designs, Place Making, Convenience, Accessibility. Comfort and Safety.

WAR MEMORIAL MUSEUM AS A TOOL FOR FOSTERING PEACE AND RECONCILIATION IN NIGERIA.

Ogonda Justice Nyema, Owajionyi L. Frank

Department of Architecture,

Rivers State University,Nkpolu-Oroworukwo,Port Harcourt

Email: wonderlandconcept@yahoo.com, owajifrank@yahoo.com

Abstract: War Memorial Museums conceptually are public memory sites meant to display military history, war artefacts, and showcase real war efforts and experiences as well as commemorate sacrifices made by fallen heroes. The idea behind this scheme transcends a mere reasoning of conservation but a conscious attempt towards answering questions of how the War Memorial Museum should subconsciously solve conflict-based complex social problems. There is a growing trend from the 20^th century which saw the development of commemorative traditions around Europe, America and Asia by which social groups and nations remember, commemorate and attempt to resolve memories of horrific experience of war. (Whitmarsh, 2001). In theory and practice, the design of war memorial museum, the functional layout of spaces and how they interact with exhibit displays will express the intended message to visitors. The purpose of this paper is to commemorate the sacrifices of martyrs of the Nigerian-Biafran civil war as well as use the Civil War Memorial Museum as a tool for fostering peace and stability among warring factions, ethnic or religious groups. The civil war which broke out on June1967 spanning through to January 1970 which saw the massacre of over 500,000 to 6,000,000 people within a 3year interval. The true estimate may not be known since there is no accurate baseline for comparison with both the pre-and-post conflict figures does not follow sound statistical data. (World peace Foundation, August 7, 2015). Case studies both physical and online reveals that War Memorial Museums by design should be designed with the symbolic character in mind, light and openness of spaces will provide visitors ample space and time to observe and subconsciously partake in the war by visual experience and relate with the struggles as it were. War Memorial Museums are places of honour, homage and remembrance. An allusion in support of this finding is a bold inscription on The Museum of Pacific War in America which reads ‘We inspire our youths by honouring our heroes’. (Richard Zelade, 2011) Such views are in consonant with many museums of war, in many Nations. Honouring heroes is the beauty of history and memory, and of not repeating the same ‘mistakes’ (Matthew Allen and Rumi Sakamoto—War and Peace; War memories and Museums in Japan)

Keywords: Museums, memorials, military, artefacts, social problems, commemorate, symbolic character, heroes, martyrs, sacrifices, war, functional layout.