Centre for Promotion of Educational and Scientific Research
Transnational Insurgency and Terrorism in Africa: Issues and Tasks for
Regional Integration
Odeyemi Oluwole Jacob 1-32
Deletion Operations in English
Dajang Innocent Nasuk 33-46
Civil Society from Historical, Theoretical Perspectives and the Limits of
Global Civil Society
Maina Mackson Abga & Sule Shaka 47-81
Maina Mackson Abga & Sule Shaka
Faculty of General Studies, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State- Nigeria
Department of Political Science, University of Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Email:ammackson@yahoo.com, abgamainamackson@gmail.com & shakadeck@gmail.com
Abstract
In the twenty-first century, the concept of “globalization” is discouraging rather than inspirational. Many thought that it entails dominance rather than a unifying force; globalization is perceived to affecting the daily lives of millions of people which goes beyond the bounds of the nation state, and the authority of national governments who are most often, unaccountable to their citizens; while the authority of nation states seems to decline, new global issues are multiplying: climate change, infectious diseases, violations of human security and human rights, terrorism, nuclear weapons, environmental destruction, economic inequality; these problems cannot be isolated from each other or solved individually; which could by directed action, may be considered as ineffective in the face of such overwhelming inter-territorial issues, which made any global action too complex for fast and ready answers; it became necessary to identify one observable fact occurring today that offers not solutions per se but a process for engagement with the most pressing problems of our contemporary world: “the emergence of global civil society”; in recent years, consciousness of global civil society has reached a crescendo in attracting attention and anticipating influences; this is so because, it is becoming critical of the dangers of globalization, and people are grouping together in social movements, NGOs, and demonstrations to confront these “all involving” challenges facing humanity today. In the light of the above, this essay examines Civil Society from the Historical and Theoretical Perspectives and the Limits of Global civil Society.
Dajang Innocent Nasuk
Department of English
University of Jos, Jos
Email:Innocentdjang@gmail.com
Abstract
Deletion operations in English are a consequence of transformation in generative grammar. The paper is developed within the framework provided by generative grammar which presents us with a set of rules that will account for the well-formed expressions of a natural language. The aim is to explain the transformations that occur in deep structure that yield the surface structure sentences that we see, read and use in the functional context. It is hoped that a good knowledge of the underlying deep structure of sentences would result in a better and deeper understanding of language and improve a speaker’s competence and performance in language use and study. The paper considers deletion operations in the areas of Wh-Deletion, Agent Deletion, Equi-NP Deletion and For Deletion, Deletion under Identity, Simple Element Deletion, Complex Element Deletion, and Multiple Element Deletion. It is further hoped that an understanding of the rules of grammar and indeed the rules of deletion operations examined in this paper will help the learner of English predict correctly which expressions are grammatical and acceptable and also help the learner explain why certain expressions are considered ill-formed and not acceptable in grammar.
Odeyemi Oluwole Jacob
Department Of History and International Studies
Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Oyo state, Nigeria
Email: Odeyemioluwole6@gmail.com
Abstract
That Africa is beleaguered is non-alarmist. Spiraling-down from Cairo to Cape, the entire region undergoes episodic crippling from the viral presence of insurgencies, xenophobic and terror groups operating with transnational morbidity. With most having questionable grievances, multiple bands of marauders intermixed with sectarians and political renegades; concertedly using asymmetric attacks and marauding tactics; thriving on wide-ranging criminality. They traverse multiple borders to merchandise crude terror, ‘acts of pure evil’, genocide and displacements; rolling back investments, cowing civilians, confounding national armies and rattling governments. The failed-state plague across Africa had predisposed these millennial menaces, setting the continent adrift. The work examines the prevalence of insecurity cropping from transnational insurgency and terrorism and its impact on African economic development and integration. The paper observes, evidentially, the stultifying of African agendas on economic development and integration (including the MDGs), with strained states U-turning from progressive governance to dissipating energies on crises management, and diverting chunk budgetary provisions into combating insecurity. As African States and Union scamper for external interventions, the myth is betrayed, again, of African solutions to African problems. These are not times for negritude. The paper proves that African integration, ab initio, was a ruse and had cusped in this pervasive insecurity. It contends, with suggested solutions, if Africa must develop and retrieve from monumental tragedy impendent of the current transnational insurgency, the task is apparently urgent. African leaders and regional integrators must reevaluate, reconceptualise, and re-strategize alongside the issues here-raised. Reasonably, the secrets of effective nation-building, regional integration and developmental futures embed in-house Africa, in committed multiple policy departures, and not in neocolonial interventions.
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