Table of Contents

Facies Characterisation of Well A, Field Y, North-Eastern Niger Delta

M, E Okiotor and O.I Imasuen ……………………………………………                                 1 – 12

Economic Models for Software Security

Akwuwuma Veronica and Egwali Annie …………………………………                                 13 – 22

Application of Induced Polarization Method to Delineate

Sulphide Ore Deposit in Osina Area of Benue State, Nigeria

Olowofela J.A, Ajani O.O and Oladunjoye, M.A ……………………….                                   23 – 40

Efficiency in Health Care Delivery:  A Dea Analysis of Hospitals at

the Secondary Health Care Level in Plateau State, Nigeria

Davwar, Philemon Polycarp; Adelaiye, Peter O. and Nathan, Nachandiya ………….. 41 – 48

Cognitive Science: Integrative Perspective in Artificial

Intelligence and Human-Computer Interaction

Omidiora E. O., Ismaila W. O., Ajayi A. O¹ and Ogundele L. A.………………….                  49 – 55

An Assessment of Some Anion Levels of River Gongola

in Adamawa State, Nigeria

O.N. Maitera, D. Y. Shinggu …………………………………………….                                   56 – 63

Performance of a Locally Designed Solar Water Heater

(Solar Water Kettle)

Sanusi Y. K. and Ajadi D.A. ……………………………………………..                                   64 – 70

Some Exact Solutions of Boundary Layer Flow in Porous Media-II

Basant K. Jha, and M.L. Kaurangini ……………………………………                                   71 – 75

Assessing the Performance of a Designed Constructed

Cheap Room Loop Antenna Operating At Vhf/Uhf Band

Yunusa, I.Y¹, Yakub N¹ and Hussaini, L²……………………………….                                    76 – 82

Heavy – Fermion Semiconductor Behaviour and Phase

Transition of Cecu₂si₂ in the Single Site Impurity Anderson Model

Omamoke Onorenyakpo Enaroseha¹ and Edwin Igherighe²…………                                    83 – 90

Retrofitting Visual-Liquid-Flow-Laboratory Trainer for

Fluid-Mechanics Studies: a Bench-Scale-Project Innovation

George C. Oguejiofor, and Tochukwu O. Nwokeocha ………………                                    91 – 107

Saline Water Intrusion in the Coastal Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria

Adeyemi, J. F., Arubayi, J. B.,Oteri, A. U. and Ako, B. D. ……..                                          108 – 122

Formulation of Biphase Cleaning Agents and Their Cleaning

Effect on Oily Soiled Metal Substrates

Omuku P.; Onwumelu H.A. and Egwuatu, C.I. ………………………                                    123 – 132

Development of Superalloys for Next Generation Coal-Fired

Power Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Oluwole, O.O. ……………………………………………………………                                    133 – 139

The Use of “Goto Function Block” and “Delay Function Block” in the

Design and Simulation of CDMA 2000 1 X RTT Physical Layer Radio

Configuration 3—Forward Fundamental Channel

Efuribe, Ezinna Lucky…………………………………………………………                              140-146

THE USE OF “GOTO FUNCTION BLOCK” AND “DELAY FUNCTION BLOCK” IN THE DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF CDMA 2000 1 X RTT PHYSICAL LAYER RADIO CONFIGURATION 3—FORWARD FUNDAMENTAL CHANNEL

Efuribe, Ezinna Lucky

Department of Physics

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Nigeria

efurumibeezinna@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

MATLAB is a technical language that can be used for a variety of studies in science. One of its toolboxes: “simulink” along with other toolboxes can be use in modeling a communication system. My research was mainly prompted by the problem of poor GSM services in our country, Nigeria. In the course of searching for a better alternative to the GSM technology, I discovered CDMA 2000 1x RTT. The evidences to show that CDMA 2000 1x RTT is a better technology than the GSM are contained in the comparisons (between some of the GSM’s and CDMA-one’s parameters), made by Qualcomm, an American-based Telecom. Company.  CDMA 2000 1x RTT is an improved version of CDMA-one (also known as IS-95). It was originally developed by Qualcomm. In order to portray (on the screen) the physical layer for the Forward Fundamental Channel-Radio Configuration 3 of CDMA 2000 1x RTT, I decided to use some already built functions in MATLAB 7.1 version to achieve this. Interactive blocks in the communication toolbox contained in the MATLAB software were used extensively in this modeling.  Results showing the performances of the system at various stages in the network were also obtained, using the Spectrum Scope and the Scatter Plot Display Blocks. Results obtained showed that if the transmitted signal was to be tapped at undue stages in the network, poor (unclear) signal will be received. A clear signal can only be received when measures have been put in place to counter the effect of signal distortion by noise and establishing a system that will perform direct opposite functions as those done by the transmitter subsystem and the encoder subsystem.

Keyword: Matlab, CDMA, Telecommunication

DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERALLOYS FOR NEXT GENERATION COAL-FIRED POWER SYSTEMS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Oluwole, O.O.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

e-mail:oluwoleo2@asme.org

ABSTRACT

The Federal Government’s 7-point agenda has as high priority, power generation to provide stable electricity supply for all sectors of the Nigerian community. Inability to manage properly the oil and gas sector, problems in the Niger delta and  vagaries in the oil and gas industry are serious signs of domestic energy crisis which if not well managed will spill into very deep social crisis in the near future. There is the mooted option of nuclear powered electricity generation which probably might be the best and cheapest for the country if issues like waste disposal and security are solved. This option though feasible needs long term planning because a huge chunk of our nuclear scientists and engineers have migrated to foreign lands. With this scenario, it is expedient for the country to look at combinations of power generation using fossil fuels, coal, and renewable energies. An important area which has not experienced any growth is coal powered electricity generation partly because of the mess from coal combustion, the obnoxious effluents, inefficiency of operation and the new found oil fields. While not oblivious of the effect of coal- powered plants contribution to global warming and acid rain, the US coal- fired power plants currently supply more than half that country’s energy needs while the Directorate of Energy (DOE) is pursuing clean coal initiative (CCPI), Future Gen and Vision 21 which are all programmes aimed at getting to near zero the carbon emissions in coal power generation. Nigeria needs to tap into this area of clean coal initiative. One of the major challenges in development of clean coal technology is in the area of materials technology for the development of boiler/steam turbine and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems. For example, as the most critical component in the construction of boiler systems, the superheater tubes have to undergo the most severe service conditions and must meet stringent requirements with respect to fireside coal-ash corrosion/erosion, steamside oxidation and spallation, along with creep strength, thermal fatigue strength, and weldability.  This paper presents the challenges of developing novel superalloys for these systems and the methods being advanced to overcome the problems.

Keywords: clean -coal -technology; superalloys-development; challenges;opportunities

FORMULATION OF BIPHASE CLEANING AGENTS AND THEIR CLEANING EFFECT ON OILY SOILED METAL SUBSTRATES

Omuku P.; Onwumelu H.A. and Egwuatu, C.I.

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry

Nnamdi Azikwie University, Awka, Nigeria

E-mail: patrickemm@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Castor oil and olive oil (vegetable oil) used in the preparation of the soda soaps in this investigation were bought from Onitsha main market, Anambra  state of Nigeria, while the soya bean oil was extracted from the soya bean seed.  Ternary diagram was utilized in the determination   of the various compositions of the biphase mixture (soap solution, kerosene and water) for the preparation of the biphase cleaning agents.  The rating of the cleaning performance of the biphase cleaning agents formulated from the different vegetable oil soda soaps were examined via a three-member panel.  Their judgement showed that castor oil had the best cleaning performance rating of 73% on the oily soiled metal surface.  The trend observed in their cleaning performance capacity was castor oil>olive oil>soya bean oil.  The solution of the soap alone could not effectively clean the oily soiled metal surfaces but the mixture of soap solution, kerosene and water performed  the magic of not only effectively cleaning.  The soiled metal substrates but did so with ease. The castor oil had the largest area of immiscibility of 220mm² while 148mm² and 156mm² were associated with olive oil and soya bean oil respectively.  The best cleaning performance of the biphase mixture was observed with compositions, 40% soap solution, 40% kerosene and 20% water.  This showed that the less the composition of water with a greater percentage of kerosene the more enhanced the cleaning capacity of the biphase mixture.  For a more effective and easy way of cleaning  oily  soiled metal substrates, a biphase mixture of soap solution, kerosene and water in the ratio of 2:2:1 may do the wonder.

KEYWORDS: biphase, immiscibility, oil, ternary diagram, mixture

SALINE WATER INTRUSION IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

¹Adeyemi, J. F., ²Arubayi, J. B., ³Oteri, A. U. and ⁴Ako, B. D.

²Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun

¹Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University lIe-Ife

⁴Department of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, IIe-Ife

ABSTRACT

Saline water intrusion occurs in virtually all coastal aquifers when they are in hydraulic continuity with seawater. In continuation of  efforts to supply the communities of the coastal areas of Ondo State in Nigeria with reliable freshwater, the Ondo State government through the Ondo State Oil Producing Area Development Commission, decided to drill water boreholes in Asisa, Zion-Pepe and Ajapa in Ilaje and Ese-Odo local government areas of the State. Zion Pepe rests on a sand beach ridge; Ajapa and Asisa are on clays. Saline water intrusion is known to occur in surrounding communities. This study is meant to delineate the fresh water aquifers in the three coastal communities. VES 1 in Asisa was located on the coast within the brackish/saline surface water zone, and VES 2 at Asisa­-Zion is on an area with fresh water vegetation. The very low resistivity value of the surficial clay at both VES stations at Asisa and Asisa-Zion masked the sands below. Using the S-rule method of interpretation, fresh water sand is likely at depths greater than 154 m. It was recommended that a borehole be drilled to a depth of 300 m at Asisa Zion. In Zion Pepe, a deep fresh water aquifer mapped at a depth of 152 m was recommended. The borehole should be logged and screened at the fresh water interval identified from the borehole geophysical logs. In Ajapa, the space available for geophysics coupled with the screening effect of the low resistivity upper layers did not allow mapping of the deeper layers. However the data obtained indicate the occurrence of a fresh water-bearing aquifer underlying the clays and saline water sands. Ajapa is quite close to Bolowo Zion and from the results obtained at Bolowo the drilling of a borehole at VES 1 was recommended, to a depth of 200m. Nigeria has a long coastline which borders eights States, greater attention should be given to pre-drilling geophysical investigation for fresh water aquifer.

Key words: Saline water intrusion; Potable water; geoelectric layer.

RETROFITTING VISUAL-LIQUID-FLOW-LABORATORY TRAINER FOR FLUID-MECHANICS STUDIES: A BENCH-SCALE-PROJECT INNOVATION.

George C. Oguejiofor, and Tochukwu O. Nwokeocha

Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.

E-mail: oguejioforg@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The strive towards teaching equipment sufficiency in the Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,Nigeria motivated the retrofitting of the viable teaching equipment constructed by engineering students. In this paper, the visual-liquid-flow-laboratory trainer is described. Also, the teaching capabilities of the various components of the test-pipe of the trainer are carefully reviewed with regard to fluid-mechanics phenomena. Retrofitting is the main focus of this paper. The velocity-head and equivalent-diameter approaches are available for the retrofit-design calculations. This work employs the velocity-head approach as the computations will show. Based on the estimations, the equipment is retrofitted with electric-driven pump and tank. It is piped according to the retrofit scheme and piping arrangement. Also, it is wired and painted. Finally, it is leak-tested and commissioned. The costs of the materials used for the retrofitting of the equipment are accumulated and shown in this report. Interestingly, this retrofitting work proved to be a self-help and inward-looking innovation at the bench-scale level. It is hoped that when deployed for teaching, the bench-scale trainer will enhance practical-pedagogic value.

Keywords: bench-scale level, design estimations, fluid-mechanics phenomena, pedagogic capabilities,                retrofitting, velocity-head approach.

HEAVY – FERMION SEMICONDUCTOR BEHAVIOUR AND PHASE TRANSITION OF CECU2SI2 IN THE SINGLE SITE IMPURITY ANDERSON MODEL

Omamoke Onorenyakpo Enaroseha¹ and Edwin Igherighe²

¹Department of Physics, University of Benin,Benin City, Nigeria

²Department of Physics, College of Education, Agbor, Nigeria

Email:enarosehaomamoke@gamil.com

ABSTRACT

We investigate the electronic properties of CeCu₂Si₂ in the low temperature regime using the Exact-Diagonalization technique. This technique allows the study of the physics of strongly correlated electron systems. We show that when the hybridization term in the Single Site Impurity Anderson Model (SIAM) is increased: (1) there is a smooth phase transition from an antiferromagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic phase and (2) there is a semiconductor gap ∆ between the singlet state and triplet states energies as the lattice sites and dimensions are increasing. The basic features of this theory are in qualitative agreement with the experimentally observed heavy-fermion semiconductor of some rare-earth compounds.

Keywords: Transition point, hybridization gap, Antiferromagnetic phase, Ferromagnetic phase

ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A DESIGNED CONSTRUCTED CHEAP ROOM LOOP ANTENNA OPERATING AT VHF/UHF BAND

Yunusa, I.Y¹, Yakub N¹ and Hussaini, L²

¹Department of Physics, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State.

²Department of Science Lab. Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Bida, Niger State

Email: yunbal4real@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The parameters that influence the performance of loop antennas were computed and analysed. This aids in designing and constructing a cheap room loop antenna operating at the frequency of 288MHz →300MHz. The designed and constructed loop antenna efficiently works within the quoted VHF/UHF Band.

SOME EXACT SOLUTIONS OF BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA-II

Basant K. J .H.A, and M.L. Kaurangini

¹Department of Mathematics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

²Department of Mathematical sciences,Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil

ABSTRACT

Some exact solutions are presented for the unsteady boundary layer flows of a homogenous, viscous, incompressible fluid bounded by (i) an infinite rigid oscillating flat plate or (ii) two parallel rigid oscillating flat plates as presented in [7] was extended to porous media. An explicit representation of the velocity fields for both the configurations has been given. The structures of the associated periodic boundary layers are determined with physical interpretations as in [4]. Several results of interest have been recovered as special cases of this general theory. The Heaviside operational calculus along with the theory of residues of analytic functions is adopted in finding the solutions.

PERFORMANCE OF A LOCALLY DESIGNED SOLAR WATER HEATER

(SOLAR WATER KETTLE)

Sanusi Y. K. and Ajadi D.A     

Department of Pure and Applied Physics

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Email: sanusiyekinni@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

A Built-in-Storage Solar Water Heater of 4.5 × 10^-3 m³ liter was designed, constructed and tested for its efficiency. It was observed that the highest temperature of the water obtained is 48^oC. This temperature was achieved between the hours of 16.00 and 16.30 hours local time. The efficiency of the kettle was found to be 1.65%, which is very small due to the construction size. When compared with previous work, the solar water heater that produces up to efficiency of 30% has surface area of 2.6m² while in this work surface area is 0.15m².Keywords: Temperature, Heater, Solar radiation, Efficiency, Absorber plate