Table of contents

Constipation in Pregnancy and the Effect of Vegetable Consumption in Different Socio–Economic Class in Warri, Delta State

Anthony E Ojieh,A.……………………………………………………………………….            1- 6

Effects of Ocimum Gratissimum (Scent Leaf) Aqueous Leaf Extract on Packed

Cell Volume of Wistar Rats

Ovuakporaye S.I,………………………………………………………………………………….        7-12

The Effects of HIV – Related Discrimination on People Living With HIV

 and Aids – A Review

¹Nworuh, B.O; Nwoke E.A; Morakinyo, O.M and Nwufo, C.R……………………    13-20

Antimicrobial Property of Aqueous and Ethanol Leaf Extract Of Celosia

 Isertii

¹ Emudainohwo J.O.T., ²Ewharieme, A.D.,¹Ejebe, D.E.,²Ewhre,

L., ^1Agam, J.I. ……………………………………………………………………..           21-30

Effect of Application Regime of Gliricidia Sepium Leaf Litter on the Growth

and Yield Of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Olujobi O. J ……………………………………………………………………………           34-39

Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic E. Coli Strains Isolated From a Nigerian Hospital

¹Funmilola A. Ayeni and Gladys O. Henshaw……………………………………….…       31-39

Physiotherapy Management of Osteoathritis of the Knee Using Who-ICF

Model- A Case Report

Akinremi, A. A.; Ogwu S. O. and Otolorin, O.A,…………………………………………   40-45

Lactobacillus Casei Isolates From Kunun Zaki: The Probiotic Potential against Induced Shigellosis in Experimental Rats

Richard J. Kutshik¹, Ishaya Y. Longdet¹, O.J. Egbere

and Victor A. Atuluku²……………………………………………………………………        46-53

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in School Aged Pupils in Mafa Local

Government Area Of Borno State, Nigeria

Biu, A.A., kyari, F. and John, W.M,………………………………………………………       54-58  

Bacterial Contamination in Vended Animal Food Products around Motor

Parks in Ibadan, South West Nigeria

Sangoyomi, T .E. ¹, Bello-Olusoji, O. A.², Ajani, F.³,

Owoseni, A. A.⁴ and Odeniyi, O.⁵………………………………………………….  59-66

THE MICROBIAL ENRICHMENT OF RICE AND SWEET POTATOES ON THEIR NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Yabaya A. and Jonathan M

Department of Microbiology

Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna, Nigeria

E-mail:amosyabaya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of fermentation on the proximate composition of boiled rice (Oryza sativa) and sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) with the aim of improving their nutritional qualities. Boiled samples of unfermented and fermented polished rice and sweet potatoes were fermented to determine their proximate composition. The fermentation resulted in decrease in moisture content (6.66%-0.00% for rice and 10.00%-5.00% for sweet potatoes). The result also revealed an increase in crude protein (4.62%-5.00% for rice and 1.53%-49.00% for sweet potatoes). Crude ash was 5.00% for rice and sweet potatoes). However carbohydrate content was lower in sweet potatoes (85.9%-38.51%) and slightly decreased in rice (87.87%-85.32%). This shows that fermented rice could be a good source of energy giving food while fermented sweet potatoes could be a good source of protein when added in staple diet. Both samples recorded a drop in their pH after fermentation, with temperature being steady throughout the fermentation period.

Key Words:  Microbial Enrichment•Fermentation•Yeast• Proximate composition.

PREVALENCE AND SONOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF UTERINE FIBROID AMONG GHANAIAN WOMEN (Uterine Fibroid- The Ghanaian situation)

                                    Eric Kwasi Ofori^1a , William Kwadwo Antwi¹ ,  Ekow Ansah Arthur ¹ . Edmund Kwadwo Brakohiapa², Benjamin Dabo Sarkodie², Dzefi-Tettey, Klenam², Harriet Obeng^2, Patrick KwadwoAdjei³, Jerry Coleman⁴

^1&2Department of Radiography, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu-Accra, Ghana  ²Radiology Department,  Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu-Accra, Ghana ³Department of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Korle-Bu-Accra

⁴Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu-Accra

E-mail: erikof2001@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Uterine fibroid represent a major public health problem and is regarded as the most common benign gynecologic tumors affecting premenopausal women. It is associated with considerable hospitalization and morbidity. The study aimed to establish the prevalence and characteristics of uterine fibroid among Ghanaian women. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze 584 trans-abdomino pelvic ultrasound images and reports of women (aged, 35.03 ± 6.64 years and range 20-74 years). The images and their corresponding reports were analyzed by a team of three sonographers concurrently. The number of fibroid nodules, location in the uterus, sonographic pattern and classification were assessed descriptively and inferentially using the statistical package for Social Scientists version 17. The average number of fibroid nodules, diameter and volume of the largest nodule were estimated as, 3.38 ± 1.30, 4.31cm ± 3.40 and 154.74 cm³ ±473.80 respectively. The study indicated that 24.50% (143/584) of the images evaluated had fibroid. The highest prevalence (53.80%) of the fibroid case was found among women aged 30-39 years and the lowest were recorded among women aged > 49 years. Forty-four (44) percent of the fibroids were intramural with only 5.60 % been submucosal. Most (59.40%) of the fibroids were located within the corpus of the uterus and the most popular (85.3%) pattern of presentation of the nodules was hypoechoic. The prevalence and sonographic pattern of uterine fibroid among Ghanaian women have been assessed which could aid in appropriate surgical interventions and treatment in the country.

Keywords: Uterine Fibroid, Sonographic patterns, Classification

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN VENDED ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS AROUND MOTOR PARKS IN IBADAN, SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Sangoyomi, T .E. ¹, Bello-Olusoji, O. A.², Ajani, F.³, Owoseni, A. A.⁴ and Odeniyi, O.⁵

¹Department of Crop Production, Soil and Environmental Management, Bowen University, Iwo

²Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure

³Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State

⁴Department of Biological Sciences, Bowen University, PMB 284, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.

⁵ Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

Email:t.sangoyomi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Consumers ingest significant amounts of food being unaware that there is a potential problem hence they become ill. This study was carried out to obtain the bacteriological profiles of vended animal food products. Seven (7) different ready-to-eat animal food products were sampled from different motor parks in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Bacteria were isolated on plate count agar (PCA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar for the total aerobic organisms and the presence of coliforms. The isolated organisms were identified and characterized following standard morphological and biochemical tests. A total of thirty-six bacteria were identified and fall into the genera Bacillus (25%), Escherichia coli (16.7%), Staphylococcus (13.9%), Micrococcus (13.9%), Pseudomonas (13.9%), Yersinia (11.1%) and Actinobacillus (2.8%). Food sample A (large prawns) had the heaviest microbial load (22%) and food sample E (“Kudu”) had the lowest (8.3%). A major concern with street foods is safety. Majority of the foods are prepared and sold under unhygienic conditions. These kinds of foods pose a high risk of food poisoning due to microbial contamination. This study should sensitize public health authorities on the need to impose strict regulations on food standards.

Keywords: ready-to-eat, public health, animal food product, vended food, bacterial contamination

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITES IN SCHOOL AGED PUPILS IN MAFA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Biu, A.A., kyari, F. and John, W.M.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology

University of Maiduguri, Nigeria

E-mail:biuvet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

A coprological study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school aged pupils attending Osas Private Nursery and Primary School and Kaleri Primary School in Mafa Local Government Area of Borno State. A total of One Hundred and Twenty (120) stool samples were examined using the formol ether concentration technique revealing a prevalence of 72 (60.0%) represented as helminth ova 33 (45.8%) comprising of hookworms 20(27.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides 4(5.6%), Taenia spp. 4(5.6%), Hymenolepis nana 4(5.6%), Trichuris trichura 1(1.4%) and protozoon cysts 39(54.2%) of Entamoeba coli 21(29.2%), E. histolytica 14(19.4%) and Giardia lamblia 4(5.6%). The prevalence of infection was noted to be higher in public schools 50(86.2%) compared with the private school 22(35.5%) (p<0.05), while more male pupils were infected 42(62.7%) compared with female pupils 30(56.6%) (p<0.05). Also among age groups examined, a higher prevalence was observed in children between 10 and 11 years with 21(87.5%) than the others (p<0.05).

LACTOBACILLUS CASEI ISOLATES FROM KUNUN ZAKI: THE PROBIOTIC POTENTIAL AGAINST INDUCED SHIGELLOSIS IN EXPERIMENTAL RATS

Richard J. Kutshik¹, Ishaya Y. Longdet¹, O.J. Egbere and Victor A. Atuluku²

¹Department of Biochemistry and ²Department of Microbiology

University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

E-mail: islongdet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Two different volumes of Lactobacillus casei isolates (0.4ml of 2.0 x 10¹⁰ CFU/ml and 0.4ml of 4.0 x 10¹⁰ CFU/ml) from a local beverage (kunun zaki) cultured on MRS agar were orally administered to different groups of shigella–free experimental rats. Both groups were subsequently dosed with 0.4ml 1.0×10⁵CFU/ml of Shigella dysenteriae and studied along with set control groups. The results from the rectal temperature, feed consumed, weight gained and biochemical tests revealed that L. casei isolates from kunun zaki exhibited impressive potential against bacillary dysentery. The probiotic efficacy of the L. casei isolates tends to be dose dependent.

Keywords:  Lactobacillus casei, Shigella dysenteriae, kunun zaki, probiotics, shigellosis

PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOATHRITIS OF THE KNEE USING WHO-ICF MODEL- A CASE REPORT

Akinremi, A. A.; Ogwu S. O. and Otolorin, O. A.

Department of Physiotherapy

Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso

E-mail: ogooluwa2@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO’s) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has been proposed as a framework for developing diagnostic classifications for rehabilitation professionals. The model is gaining recognition in rehabilitation practice worldwide because it provides a useful tool in clinical decision making. It directs practitioners to address patient’s problem at the level of the whole person, with modifications made on basis of health conditions and personal and environmental factors. The ICF framework provides a conceptual basis and a universal common language for understanding and describing patient’s health status, reaching beyond mortality, disease, and medical diagnoses. It promotes a comprehensive multidisciplinary and patient-centered perspective in health care; and has been accepted and applied in the various aspect of rehabilitation to facilitate multidisciplinary team communication, to structure the rehabilitation process, for goal setting and assessment, for documentation and for reporting, but it is not widely used in most rehabilitation settings in Nigeria. The purpose of this case report is to describe an evaluative and diagnostic process that is based on the ICF framework for a patient with bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee.

Keyword: Osteoathritis, Physiotherapy, WHO-ICF

RESISTANCE PATTERN OF UROPATHOGENIC E. COLI STRAINS ISOLATED FROM A NIGERIAN HOSPITAL

¹Funmilola A. Ayeni and ²Gladys O. Henshaw

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

²Faculty of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria

E mail-funmiyeni@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem which results in difficulty in treatment. Surveillance study should always be carried out in different geographical location to determine current effective antibiotics against bacterial infections. Escherichia coli strains were isolated from High Vaginal Swab (HVS), Endocervical Swab (ECS), and urine samples of patients visiting Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital between April and May, 2010. Identification of E. coli strains were based on growth on selective agar media and Gram’s reaction. Susceptibility testing of these E. coli strains was done against an array of antimicrobials using the disk agar diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination by macrodilution method. Sixteen E. coli strains were isolated and identified. The percentage of resistant to Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Amoxiclav, Chloramphenicol, Nalidixic acid, Sulphamethazole, Gentamycin were 18.75%, 18.75%, 37.5%, 18.75%, 62.5%, 12.5%, 37.5%, and 31.25% respectively. The strains were highly resistant to Chloramphenicol while susceptible to Nalidix acid. The result of disc diffusion method also agrees with MIC method. The resistance observed in this study to some antibiotics could be because of inappropriate and incorrect administration of these antimicrobial. To avoid this, there should be strict control in the use of these antibiotics.

Keywords:-Resistance, antibiotics, uropathogens, urinary tract infections

ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF CELOSIA ISERTII

¹ Emudainohwo J.O.T., ²Ewharieme, A. D.; ¹Ejebe, D.E., ²Ewhre, L., ¹Agam, J.I.

¹Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Delta State University, Abraka

²Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria

Email:  j.o.t.emudainohwo@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Studies on the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of medicinal and traditional plants/herbs has become a major focus of recent biochemical researches; in order to propose better models for manufacturing of modern drugs and design of microbes inhibition. This present study investigated the antimicrobial property of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Celosia isertii against micro-organisms: E.coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. typhi and K. pneumonia, using antibiotics; Ampiclox and Erythromycin as control. The disc diffusion techniques was used to test the sensitivity of the micro-organism to the extracts of C.isertiiand the results obtained show mean zones of inhibition between (7 + 0.2mm) to (10 + 0.3mm) for coldwater (aqueous) and (10 + 0.5mm) to (13 + 0.8mm) for ethanol extract. Micro-organisms showed sensitivity in the order: E.coli;(10 + 0.3mm) and (12 + 0.8mm), S.aureus; (8 + 0.2mm) and (11 + 0.6mm) and P.aeruginosa; (10 + 0.4mm) and (13 + 0.8mm), B.subtilis; (10 + 0.1mm) and (11 + 0.7mm), S.typhi (8 + 0.2mm) and (10 + 0.6mm) and K.pneumoniae; (7 + 0.2mm) and (10 + 0.5mm) for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.2 to 0.5mg/mL for ethanol extract while aqueous extracts appeared less effective. This result thus suggest the potency of Celosia isertii as an antimicrobial agent especially its extraction with ethanol at 0.5mg/ml although, further studies are recommended for its phytochemical screening/analysis.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Property, Leaf Extracts, Celosia Isertii

THE EFFECTS OF HIV – RELATED DISCRIMINATION ON PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV AND AIDS – A REVIEW

¹Nworuh, B.O; Nwoke E.A; Morakinyo, O.M and Nwufo, C.R

¹Department of Public Health Technology

Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

E-mail:pray4woman@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper highlights the effects of HIV- related discrimination on people living with HIV (PLWHA) and provides recommendations on how to minimize its occurrence. Discrimination as defined by the Joint United Nations Action Committee on HIV and AIDS protocol for identification of discrimination against people living with HIV, refers to any form of arbitrary distinction, exclusion or restriction affecting people because of their confirmed or suspected HIV – position Status. Discrimination can occur at the level of the individual HIV persons, their relations and even the community. At the level of the individual, it causes undue anxiety and distress; these factors in themselves contribute to ill health. It causes the person to feel ashamed, conceal his HIV-Status and withdraws from participating in more positive social responses. The effects of discrimination on PLWHA are debilitating, including: loss of income, limiting access to treatment, creating social difference, imposing stigma and increasing poverty. This paper recommends: enforcement of legal actions against violation of human rights, massive community campaign against discrimination, HIV positive persons testifying of their status within their locality and decentralization of care centers.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS, discrimination.