Table of Contents

Mid Term Report of President Muhammudu Buhari’s Foreign Policy

Olowojolu Olakunle                                                                                                                1-12

Trade in Borno Gum Arabic: 1902-1960

Abubakar Mohammed & Ibrabim A. Modu                                                                             13-28

The Shuwa Arab Courtiers in the Crises And Instability in the Shehus’

Court, 1837-1881

Ibrahim Alhaji Modu & Abubakar Mohammed                                                                    29-45               

Challenges and Negative Effects of Social Media on the Education of Children and Young Adults in the 21^st Century         

Maureen Amaka Azuike                                                                                                        46-56 

An Ideational Metafunction Analysis of Barack Obama’s Second

Term Inaugural Speech

Sadiq Aminu                                                                                                                          57-61

Preference/Sources of Fishing Information for Artisanal Fish

 Farmers in Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria

Gbarabe Roland, Nne Fortune Okah & Etukudoh, Ndarake Emmanuel                                62-80

PREFERENCE/SOURCES OF FISHING INFORMATION FOR ARTISANAL FISH FARMERS IN AKWA IBOM STATES, NIGERIA

¹Gbarabe Roland, ³Nne Fortune Okah & ²Etukudoh, Ndarake Emmanuel

¹Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, North West University (Mafikeng Campus), South Africa

²Department of Rural Sociology and Extension, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture

³Department of Soil Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt

ABSTRACT

Preference/Sources of Fishing Information for Artisanal Fish Farmers in Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria was investigated. Indicated the sources of information used by respondents in accessing information in the study area. The instrument used for the collection of data for this study was a questionnaire designed on four likert type of Strongly agree (4), agree (3), strongly disagree (2) and disagree (1) = 4+3+2+1=10/4=2.5. The findings showed that (83%) of the respondents used meetings, followed by 75% extension agents source of information while 66% source is from output buyers in the area. The least information sources available to them were Town Crier (100%), Computer (96%), credit agencies (92%) and neighbours (89%). The level of other sources of information could be seen from Table 2 above. Results revealed that fish Farmers need information on methods of fishing, water trend, time of fishing, weather trend, handling, storage and marketing etc. Due to the complexity of the problems facing farmers, there are varieties of information needs of farmers. Major issue is that majority of farmers in Africa are illiterate and therefore need information in a simplest and quickest way to discharge their duties effectively. Informal education is therefore recommended for fish farmers to help them improve on the productivities and activities.

AN IDEATIONAL METAFUNCTION ANALYSIS OF BARACK OBAMA’S SECOND TERM INAUGURAL SPEECH

Sadiq Aminu                                            

Department of Languages and Liberal Studies

Ramat Polytechnic, Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Email: meetsadiq22@yahoo.com                                                   

ABSTRACT

This study presents an ideational metafunction analysis of Barack Obama’s second term inaugural speech. Ideational metafunction is one of the three metafunctions of M.A.K Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) and it was also used as a theoretical framework for the analysis in this study. The analysis involves the analysis of Process Types and their Participants. It was found that Material Process (process of doing) was the most frequently used Process type in the speech while Verbal Process(process of saying) was the least used Process type. It was concluded that ideational metafunction helps the reader to understand the intention and the message the speech is trying to pass.

CHALLENGES AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON THE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

                                Maureen Amaka Azuike  

                               Department of English,

                           University of Jos.

                           Email: amakaazuike@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

It is an undeniable fact that social media usage by many young people in the world is limitless. It is also undeniable that a large percentage of social media addicts are adolescents and teenage youths. The aforementioned fact is the reason for a disconnection between the youths, their parents and their classroom activities. Networking on social media is the key to survival in this global age, no doubt, and the internet is extremely useful to all of us. However, the challenges and negative effects of social media on the attitude, behaviour and the education of teenagers and young adults in the 21^st century will be the major aim of this study. The study is underpinned by the theory of human behaviour, otherwise known as the Social Learning Theory, which is adopted here to explain the effects of social media on the youths. The Social Learning Theory justifies the fact that the attitudes and behaviours of young people are largely affected by what they have observed or have been exposed to on social media. The findings of this study have established a connection between inappropriate exposure of young people to social media sites and risky-behaviours, corrupt practices and massive failures in examinations.

THE SHUWA ARAB COURTIERS IN THE CRISES AND INSTABILITY IN THE SHEHUS’ COURT, 1837-1881

Ibrahim Alhaji Modu & Abubakar Mohammed

Department of History

University of Maiduguri,Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Email: Braskolee15@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

One of the major themes of 19 Century Bono politics was the crises and instability in the Shehus court. The struggle for power on the part of the ruling elite, particularly after the death of a ruling monarch and the desire to control land and its proceeds were some of the fundamental factors responsible for court intrigues and pronounced crises in the courts. This paper attempts to examine this phenomenon and specifically points out the role of the Shuwa Arab courtiers therein. The paper observes that crises and instability dominated the greater part of 19^th Century Borno particularly after the death of Muhammad El-Amnin El-kanemi, from 1837 and concludes that the Shuwa Arab courtiers who had become a political force to reckon with in Borno were naturally obliged to participate in this crisis.

TRADE IN BORNO GUM ARABIC: 1902-1960

Abubakar Mohammed & Ibrabim A. Modu

Department of History

University of Maiduguri

Email: Braskolee15@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Trade in Gum Arabic predates colonial era. Gum Arabic was exported through Tran-Sahara Trade. The people of Borno collected the Gum in the forest and brought it to market, sometimes by women and it was in small quantities. The colonial Government in the 20^th century came to Borno and encouraged Kanuris through their Shehu (Emir) to take to Gum Arabic trade. This was done through the involvement of the European companies who purchased the commodities in tonnaged and export it to England and other European countries. This paper intends to trace the organization of Gum Arabic trade in Borno between 1902 and 1960. The pricing and emergence as well as the roles of the indigenous Gum Arabic traders.  The significance of this Gum Arabic trade led to the provision of employment for about  6000 people from different districts within colonial Borno. It is also significances for it led to the protection of Gum Arabic trees from destructions by both people and animals. Hence, the creation of forest reserve circle in Borno for the development of Gum Arabic trade.

MID TERM REPORT OF PRESIDENT MUHAMMUDU BUHARI’S FOREIGN POLICY

Olowojolu Olakunle

Department of Political Science and International Relations,

Landmark University, Omu Aran, Nigeria

Email: kunleolowojolu@yahoo.co.uk

ABSTRACT

The emergence of former military ruler, Major General Muhammudu Buahri (retd) as Nigeria’s elected president in May 2015 was well received by majority of Nigerians and the International community. Prior to Buhari’s rise to power, Nigeria had been confronted with myriads of domestic and international problems that needed prompt attention. This paper shall assess the performance of President Buhari in the area of conducting Nigeria’s external relations.