Table of Contents

Clinicopathological Pattern of Childhood Intracranial Tumours in the Nige

 Delta

David Okon Udoh, Ali Elijah Usiholo, Mojisola Olutayo Udoh                                                1-13

Study on the Effect of Different Concentration of Drumstick (Moringa

oleifera)Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Water Mellon

(Citrullus lanatu)

Karaye I.U. , Shehu A.A., Sulaiman B. and Hannatu M.L                                              14-30

Short Interval Periodic Transcranial Direct Current Stimulations Induced

Long-Term Remission of Symptoms in a Patient with Post-Stroke

Depression

Auwal Bello Hassan, Musa Sani Danazumi, Cornelius Mahdi Ishaku                                     31-45

A Study on Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Starter Culture on Physicochemical,

Nutritional and Antinutritional Properties of Ugba, a Traditional Nigerian

Fermented Food

Ome, A.P. and Olaoye, O.A                                                                                         46-76                                                                          

A STUDY ON EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA STARTER CULTURE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTINUTRITIONAL PROPERTIES OF UGBA, A TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN FERMENTED FOOD

*Ome, A.P.¹and Olaoye, O.A.²

^1,2Food Science and Technology Department,

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria

Email:talk2omepeter@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The research was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of lactic acid bacteria on qualityproperties of ugba (fermented African oil bean seeds). The pure culture of lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus plantarum) isolated from ugba samples produced by traditional method, were successively screened and used (in single) toferment African oil bean slices. The samples (ugba produced by spontaneous fermentation with that produced by LAB starter cultures) were subjected to physicochemical, proximate, antinutritional and mineral analysis, and the mean values statistically analysed using a one-way Analysis of Variance at P < 0.05. The use of LAB starter culture in Sample B shortened the fermentation periodfrom 72 h to 48 h with a significant reduction in pH (7.32 – 6.44) and increase in titratable acidity (0.068 – 0.097) as the fermentation time progressed, showing a favourable temperature (37^oC) for the activities of lactic acid bacteria.There were significant differences (P<0.05) among all the samples in the pH and titratable acidity. The proximate composition of all theugbasamples had different levels of protein content (14.27%, 14.20%, 14.17%, 14.03%, 12.76%) respectively. Fat content (10.23% – 15.75%), moisture content (41.22% – 54.23%), ash content (0.67% – 2.89%), fibre content (7.07% – 9.03%) and carbohydrate content (10.79% – 25.73%), with Sample B (ugba produced by LAB starter culture) having the highest values in protein, fat and ash contents. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among all the samples in the proximate compositions. The antinutritional factors of ugba produced by LAB starter culture had a significant reduction at the end of the fermentation process: tannins were reduced by >68%; oxalates were reduced by >90%; cyanide was reduced by >31% and phytic acid was reduced by >62% respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among all the samples in the antinutritional factors. The samples had different levels of mineral content: magnesium (162.05 – 189.06 mg/100g), calcium (270.10 – 298.19 mg/100g), sodium (11.35 – 20.65 mg/100g), potassium (16.80 – 24.73 mg/100g) and phosphorous (209.10 – 214.16 mg/100g), with Sample B (ugba produced by LAB starter culture) having the highest values in magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorous contents. There were significant differences (P<0.05) among all the samples in the mineral contents. It was concluded that pure cultures of Lactobacillus plant arumused as starter culture had good effect on the quality attributes of the fermented African oil bean slices.

Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, ugba, starter cultures, fermentation.

SHORT INTERVAL PERIODIC TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATIONS INDUCED LONG-TERM REMISSION OF SYMPTOMS IN A PATIENT WITH POST-STROKE DEPRESSION

*Auwal Bello Hassan¹, Musa Sani Danazumi², Cornelius Mahdi Ishaku¹

¹Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri.

¹Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Center, Nguru, Yobe State, Nigeria.

Email: auwalbello0907@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Objective: We present report of a patient with PSD who had long-term mood improvement upon receiving periodic tDCS sessions with short inter-sessions intervals following relapse of symptoms at 3 weeks after improvement due to stimulations with long inter-sessions intervals.

Background: tDCS has been shown to be effective in the management of patients with post-stroke depression, but with high relapse rate.

Materials and Methods: A 60 years old patient presented with moderate PSD, having BDI score of 25. She received anodal tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using two different application protocols. Initially, a stimulation session of 2mA intensity for 20 minutes was given every working day for two weeks. After 3 weeks, she then received 7 sessions of periodic stimulations of 2mA intensity for 13 minutes each with 20 minutes inter-sessions interval. BDI score was taken before the intervention, immediately after, and at 3 weeks and 6 months post-intervention. 

Results: Immediately following the last session of the initial protocol of stimulation, the BDI score reduced from 25 to 7. However, the symptoms relapsed at 3 weeks post intervention to initial the BDI score of 25. There was no change in the BDI score immediately after follow-up with short interval periodic stimulations. Nonetheless, the BDI score improved to 18 at three weeks and later to 7 at six months post-intervention.

Conclusions: Series of periodic tDCS with short-intersession intervals may be more effective in inducing long-term mood improvement in patients with post-stroke depression.

Key words: Transcranial direct current stimulation, Post-stroke depression, Non-invasive brain stimulation, Major depression, Long-term potentiation

Study on the Effect of Different Concentration of Drumstick (Moringa oleifera ) Leaf Extract on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Water Mellon (Citrullus lanatu

¹Karaye I.U., ² Shehu A., ²Sulaiman B. and ²Hannatu M.L

¹Depertment of Biological Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto,

²Department of Biology Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto

Email address: ikaraye09@gmail.com,

ABSTRACT

A study on the effect Moringa Oleifera leaf extract on Citrullus lanatus was carried out at the Biological Garden of Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The aim was to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract at different concentration on seed germination and early seedling growth of C. Lanatus (water Mellon). Aqeotus extract was prepared by driving freshly leaf formed Moringa leaves with water and filted out to obtain liquid extract which was then diluted with water in the following concentrations: 0ml, 20ml, 40ml, 60ml, 80ml. control treatment was set up using disliked water only. The six treatment were applied directly on C. lanatus seeds raised in 18 poly pots of 18cm long 2cm wide. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomize design in three (3) replicate. It was run for 15 days. Data were collected on number of leaves, stem high, root length, shoots fresh and dry weight at harvest, while germination rate was within 15 days of the experiment and where subjected to analysis of varience. Result obtain showed significant (P˂ 0.05) effect of the treatment on all the characters measured. Base on the results obtain, Moringa leaf extract has an improving effect on seed germination and growth of C. lanatus parts farmers are therefore recommended to adopt the use of this extract since it is easier, inexpensive, cheaper and can be obtain in large quantities in order to meet up demand of large hectares of land 

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF CHILDHOOD INTRACRANIAL TUMOURS IN THE NIGER DELTA

David Okon Udoh, Ali Elijah Usiholo, Mojisola Olutayo Udoh,                       

Department of Surgery

University of Benin Teaching Hospital, 

P.M.B. 1111, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: davidudoh07@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Intracranial tumours are a mixed group of neoplasms originating from intracranial tissues with varying degrees of malignancy. In children, they are predominantly solid tumours and are second only to hematological malignancies.About two thirds are infratentorial, unlike in adults, gliomas constituting the majority. Though of great concern, literature is almost silent on the pattern of this disease from the Niger Delta regions of Nigeria.

Study Objective/Setting: To document the epidemiology, management and outcomes of childhood brain tumours in our teaching hospital setting in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Methodology: Demographic, clinical, radiological and histopathological data of 57 patients aged ≤ 17 years treated for intracranial tumours from  inception of our neurosurgical unit in 2006 June to 2019 April were documented. Outcomes were also documented. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS 21.0.

Results: Childhood intracranial tumours represented approximately 8.0% of paediatric neurosurgical admissions and 27% of all intracranial tumours. Of the 57 patients studied, 37 were male (60%) and 23 (40%) were female i.e. ratio 1.5: 1. The age at presentation was 2 to 17 years; mean age was 9.79 (median 9.0) years in boys and 9.91 (median 10.5) years in girls. The duration of symptoms was 2 weeks to 48 months, forty-two percent presenting after 6 months of onset of symptoms. Headaches (65%), altered sensorium or frank coma (58%) and vomiting (44%) were the commonest symptoms. There were almost equal numbers of supra- and infratentorial tumours and 54% were gliomas. Cystic cerebellar astrocytoma (25%) followed by craniopharyngioma (14%), medulloblastomas (9%) and pineal region tumour (9%) were the most frequent histological types. Forty-eight patients underwent tumour resections. Mortality was 23%.

Conclusion: Intracranial tumours in children, though less common than congenital anomalies of the neuraxis, are associated with a very high mortality in paediatric neurosurgical patients. Besides the location and histological type, late presentation influences outcome significantly.

Keywords: Intracranial Tumours; Childhood; Predominantly Solid; Cystic Cerebellar Astrocytomas; Paediatric Neurosurgical.