Table of Contents

The Importance of Concrete Mix Design (Quality Control Measure)                                                                             

Salihu Andaa Yunusa………………………………………………………………………………………….       1-25

Design of a Process Layout for Palm Oil Production Plant

Imoukhuede, K.A., Ologunagba, F.O. and Tanimola, B.A.……………………………………..        26-37

Engineering Properties of Clay-Rice Husk Ash Composites

Ogah Sylvester Obam and Amos. Y. Iorliam……………………………………………………….         38-44

Pollution Potential of Leachate from Selected Solid Waste

Dumpsites in Kakuri Kaduna, Nigeria

Abubakar, B.S. and B. Adejoh………………………………………………………………………….          45-51

Determination of Drilling Bit Performance Using Cost Per Foot and

Breakeven Equations

Oloro J., Ukrapor F. andIkhalea .A………………………………………………………………….                52-59

Exploratory Study of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

Abdulfatah Abubakar and Muhammed Saleh Abubakar……………………………………..                60-66

Modeling Of the Monochromatic Photon-To-Current Efficiency of Solar

Cells Using Matlab

Efurumibe Ezinna Lucky and Asiegbu, Daniel Anyalewechi…………………………………                  67-70

Recycling of Concrete Rubble in Concrete Production  

Shuaibu, k……………………………………………………………………………………………………          71-76

Development of Performance Model for Industrial Mechanical Counter

Flow Cooling Tower

Dagde, K. K., Piagbo, B.K., Emamoke, C………………………………………………………….        77-91

Adsorption Mechanism and Synergistic Inhibitive Effect ofTelfairia

Occidentalis for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in HCL

J.T. Nwabanne, V.N. Okafor and L.O.Chima……………………………………………………..         92-100

A Concurrent Pc – To – Pc Interactive Telephony

Japheth B. R. and Bubou G. M.………………………………………………………………………..      101-114

Climate Change in Nigeria: will the Drought Continue?

J. Oloruntade, Mogaji, K. O., Imoukhuede, O. B. and Afuye, G.G…………………………     115-121

A CONCURRENT PC – to – PCINTERACTIVE TELEPHONY

¹Japheth B. R. and ² Bubou G. M.

¹Department of Mathematics/Computer Science, Niger Delta University, Yenagoa, Nigeria

² National Centre for Technology Management, South-South Zonal Office Niger Delta University, Yenagoa

jbunakiye@yahoo.com; gbubou@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper presents software developed using the Visual Basic Integrated Development Environment capable of transmitting voice over an internet protocol. It is being implemented by running the software in two end computers connected over the internet. The Internet Telephony software project is a platform – independent application; meaning that it can run on different network environments, ranging from LAN, MAN, WAN, and the Internet. As long as the ping.exe utility gives a ping response from the remote host ID, there will be a voice communication anywhere in the world. The software utilizes the socket facility of the system’s operating system to connect to the TCP/IP network. Computers using Windows, connected to these network environments can use it. This PC – to – PC telephony software works, however only if the two parties are using the software. It compresses the voice signal and translates it into an IP packet for transmission over the network.

Key words: Interactive, Telephony, Internet Protocol, PC- to – PC, Remote Host ID, Socket Facility.

ADSORPTION MECHANISM AND SYNERGISTIC INHIBITIVE EFFECT OF Telfairia occidentalis FOR THE CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN HCl

J.T. Nwabanne¹, V.N. Okafor¹ and L.O.Chima²

Department of Chemical Engineering¹ and Department of Mechanical Engineering²

Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

E-mail: joe_nwabanne@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The extract from the leaves of Telfairia occidentalis was investigated as corrosion inhibitor in 1MHCL solution using gravimetric technique at the temperature range of 303-333K. The joint effect of iodide ion and extract of Telfairia occidentalis was also investigated. From the result obtained, values of inhibition efficiency ranged from 44.3 to 89.8%, 63.4 to 90.07%, 80.4 to 91.63% and 82.6 to 94.0% at temperature of 303, 313, 323 and 333K respectively, showing that inhibition efficiency of the extract of Telfairia occidentalis increased with increasing temperature. The increase in inhibition efficiency as temperature increased suggests that mechanism of adsorption is chemisorption.  Also, the inhibition efficiency of the extract increased synergistically on addition of potassium iodide (KI). The inhibition potential of extract of Telfairia occidentalis is attributed to presence of tannin, phlobatannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, cyanogenic glycosides and amino acid in the extract. The heat of adsorption value obtained ranged from 51.70 to 33.89KJ mol^-1 indicating the adsorption of the inhibitor on surface of mild steel is endothermic. The adsorption behavior of the inhibitor was well described by Langmuir and Frumkin isotherm models.

Keywords: Corrosion, mild steel, inhibition, adsorption, Telfairia occidentalis.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE MODEL FOR INDUSTRIAL MECHANICAL COUNTER FLOW COOLING TOWER

Dagde, K. K., Piagbo, B.K., Emamoke, C

Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering

Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt

ABSTRACTS

A performance model of an industrial cooling tower has been developed. The cooling tower performance model was developed from first principle by taking mass and energy balance on the water entering the cooling tower and the air leaving the cooling tower. The system of ordinary differential equations arrived at were solved using the forth order Runge Kutta algorithm adapted to a Visual Basic 6.0 program compiler. The results obtained were validated using plant data obtained from the Port Harcourt Refining Company of Nigeria. The results match plant data with a deviation of 2% for the cooling water outlet temperature, and 1.4% deviation for the outlet wet bulb temperature. Simulation results show that for the proper functioning of the cooling tower, the water-to-air loading ratio should be greater than unity, so that there will be sufficient air to extract the heat from the water.

Keywords: Modelling, Counter-Flow, Industrial Cooling Tower, Wet bulb Temperature

RECYCLING OF CONCRETE RUBBLE IN CONCRETE PRODUCTION

Shuaibu, k

Department of Civil Engineering

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The research work was carried out on both control and recycled concrete samples and three groups of specimen (concrete cubes) were prepared and the workability of each specimen measured using specific standard consistency test, setting time of cement, soundness of cement, compacting factor test, compressive strength of concrete, sieve analysis for the  aggregate. Cubes were casted, cured in water and the compressive strength determined at 0%, 10%, and 20% .The concrete were casted and cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and their mean compressive strength for 10% are 13.78 N/mm², 16.67 N/mm², 18.67N/mm² and 21.78 N/mm², while that of 20% are: 13.56 N/mm², 15.78 N/mm² 17.56 N/mm^2,,20.89 N/mm² 13.78N/mm²,all from the rubbles.. The following are for the control. They are: 16.23 N/mm², 20.22 N/mm², 22.45 N/mm² and 26.89 N/mm².Though, the control has a better compressive strength as expected, it is however clear that even the concrete from recycled rubble have compressive strength that are within the British Standard (BS1881), which stipulate a minimum of 20 N/mm² compressive strength for concrete after curing for 28 days.

MODELLING OF THE MONOCHROMATIC PHOTON-TO-CURRENT EFFICIENCY OF SOLAR CELLS USING MATLAB

Efurumibe Ezinna Lucky and Asiegbu, Daniel Anyalewechi

Department of Physics

Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria

efuribeezinna@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

The performance of solar cells depends on their monochromatic photon-to-current efficiency. In this study a model of the monochromatic photon-to-current efficiency (MPCE) was develop following the relation: MPCE = J_sc x V_oc x FF / P_i, using matlab. At the end the mode of operation of the model was explained. The aim of this research is to promote the use of matlab in scientific study.

Keywords: Monochromatic, Photon, Current, Efficiency, Solar cells

EXPLORATORY STUDY OF COCONUT SHELL AS COARSE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

Abdulfatah Abubakar and Muhammed Saleh Abubakar

Department of Civil Engineering

Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna

ABSTRACT

This work is about exploratory study of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete. The approach adopted is experimental to determine the suitability of coconut shell as full replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete works. Physical and mechanical properties of coconut shell and crushed granite rock were determined and compared. A total of 72 concrete cubes of size 150x150x150mm with different mix ratios of 1:2:4, 1:1^1/2 :3 and 1:3:6 were casted, tested and their physical and mechanical properties determined. Aggregate crushing value (ACV) for coarse aggregate is 21.84 and 4.71 for coconut shell. Elongation and flakiness index are 58.54 and 15.69 respectively for gravels, while for coconut shell is 50.56 and 99.19 respectively. Compressive strength in N/mm² of coconut shell at 7,14,21 and 28 days with mix ratios of  1:2:4, 1:1^1/2:3, and 1:3:6 are (8.6, 8.9,6.4,),(9.6,11.2,8.7),(13.6,13.1,10.7) and (15.1,16,5,11) respectively, likewise (19.1,18.5,9.6), (22.5, 23.0, 10.4), (26.7, 24.9, 12.9) and (28.1, 30.0, 15) respectively for gravel. Since the concrete strength of coconut shell with mix ratio 1:1^1/2:3, attained 16.5N/mm² at 28 days it can be used in plain concrete. Hence cost reduction of 48% will be achieved.

ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CLAY-RICE HUSK ASH COMPOSITES

Ogah Sylvester Obam and Amos. Y. Iorliam

Department of Civil Engineering

University of Agriculture, Makurdi

Email: ogahobam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Sun-dried bricks (adobe) are out dated to many people. However, statistics show that one fifth of the world’s population uses this material to build houses. The cost of better, alternative building materials are high. Therefore, there is need to improve the quality of sun-dried bricks.  Laboratory experimental procedures are used to determine the specific gravity of the clay, plasticity Index, strength, shrinkage, cracks, and weight of natural clay mixed with Rice Husk Ash (RHA). Results showed that the average specific gravity of the clay is 2.65; shrinkage, plasticity, and cracking of the clay were improved in the composites. However, the compressive strength of clay was not improved by the addition of RHA.

Key words: Clay, Rice Husk Ash, Composites, Shrinkage, Plasticity Index

DETERMINATION OF DRILLING BIT PERFORMANCE USING COST PER FOOT AND BREAKEVEN EQUATIONS

¹Oloro J., ² Ukrapor F. and ³Ikhalea .A.

¹Delta State University, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Oleh Campus

²Delta State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oleh Campus

³Delta State University, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Oleh Campus

joloroeng@yahoo.com; ukrakporf@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

This paper is to determine the drilling bit performance, using cost per foot and breakeven equations.Opukushi-38 well of Shell Petroleum Development Company(SPDC) was used as a case study.Nine drill bits were used to drill this well to a total depth of 13,500ft.They were evaluated using cost per foot and breakeven equation base on their makers and their average cost per foot was calculated.From the results obtained, the average cost per foot for Hughes security, smith and redhcal bits were $34.57/ft,$11.441/ft,$36.35/ft and $39.77/ft respectively.Base on evaluation of bit performance using cost per foot,it could be said that Hughes bit with $34.57/ft has better performance than the other bits since it has the lowest cost per foot.If Hughes bit were used in Opukushi-38 to drill to total,a total cost$6,000 will drill for 75.3hours to produce forage of 2,455.2ft in order to breakeven the cost per foot or less of Hughes with the best performance in the offset well.

Key words: Bit, Drilling, Performance, Holes

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN (QUALITY CONTROL MEASURE)

Salihu Andaa Yunusa

Department of Civil Engineering

Kaduna polytechnic, Kuduna

ABSTRACT

This paper covered major aspect of concrete mix design as the quality control measure of concrete production, using American method of concrete mix design procedure. It is aimed at highlighting the important of designed concrete as compared to an ordinary ratio analyzed concrete in concrete production for any civil/structural concrete work. This is to analyze the merit and demerit of designed and control of concrete production as required by BS 8110 in structural requirement. It equally include the whole laboratory test analysis, to determine the physical and geotechnical properties of the materials needed for the mix design in order to attain the required data for the design procedure, in accordance to the parent material types and location, and the specific density of the designed concrete, that will be suitable, adoptable, durable, economical, workable and generally safe for the structural design objective of the weather condition in any specified locality. This is equally aimed at controlling the rate of structural failure in Nigeria as a nation an this regard all factors that may lead to failure of concrete structure were generally treated. The design covered concrete grade 25N/mm², 30N/mm² and these were designed to attain the required strength grade after 28 days of curing specially with water as the minimum strength. Basically the designs were done with Burham cement as one of the Brand of ordinary Portland cement. It was equally considered as a factor that all the grade of concrete designed for, should achieve 65% strength after been cured for seven days in water. The individual result of the design mix were adequately presented and have shown that generally mix design of concrete before production as measure of quality control of concrete work is very important in any civil project either for Government and individual. Quality control should be applicable, to control structural failure.