Amina Abba Sanda, Augsta Obum Okwute and Aminchi
Daniel
Continuing Education and Extension
Services Department,
University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri
ABSTRACT Curriculum
is a plan or an organization of the total learning experiences the learner is
expected to engage in under the guidance of an educational institution or agency.
It is a well known fact to educationists that curriculum is central to any
educational programme, its relevance to needs and aspirations of the adult Learners
cannot be overemphasized. Any curriculum which is designed without taking into
cognizance the background, needs and aspirations of the learner will hardly
succeed. Since adult education is primarily a need-based type of education,
curriculum planners are expected to embark on needs assessment so as to know
what should constitute the curriculum goals and objectives. The curriculum must
contain the widest possible range of activities which have the capacity to
attract interest, appreciation and participation. In this vein, the adult
literacy instructors and organizers need to be well trained in principles of
Andragogy. They also need to know the nature of the learners and be well
acquainted with current methods of instructing adult learners. Therefore, to
ensure success, the adult literacy curriculum must address the needs of the
beneficiaries. The paper also discusses the components of a curriculum which
include curriculum structure, objectives, contents, implementation and
evaluation.
Keywords:
Need-Based
Curriculum for Adult Learners A Perspective
This study was carried out to investigate the socio-cultural
barriers against the utilization of family planning services by mothers of
child bearing age living in Bauchi state. A cross sectional survey design was
used in this study, while simple random sampling procedure was used to obtain a
sample size of one thousand and forty-eight. A structured questionnaire using
Likert two and four point scaling system was used as the instrument of data
collection. The instrument was made up of two sections. Section A was on
demographic variables, while section B was on the utilization and the barriers
to family planning. Six research questions were answered, while three
hypotheses were tested. Statistical package for social sciences, version 22 was
used to analyze the data obtained. The
data obtained shows that the major barriers to family planning are, the
misconception that contraceptives prevent child bearing permanently,
694(66.2%); belief that having many children symbolizes high social status,
682(65.0%); adolescents are not considered as adults until they have a child,
682(65.0%); community is not in support of family planning, 656(62.6%); parents
are not in support of the use of contraceptives, 626(59.8%). There was also
significant relationship between socio-cultural barriers and attitude of mother
of child bearing age in Bauchi State (r =0.324, p<0.05). There were indications that women of child bearing
age in Bauchi State were not aware of different contraceptives methods
available. The study recommends women of child bearing should be counseled by
the health workers of the different types of family planning services and that Health
organizations that are responsible for the production of these family planning
types should improve on their productions so as to ensure minimal side effects.
Keywords:
Barriers, Socio-cultural, Family
Planning, Contraceptives, Child-bearing
Since the attainment of independence
by most African countries in 1960, regarded as the golden year of the continent
the problem of leadership and issues of good governance have continued to have
devastating impact on nation building in Nigeria. Indeed, with the exit of the
first generation African leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Julius Nyerere
of Tanzania, etc. who were more foresighted and pragmatic the current political
leaders, has remained problematic for Africa. This paper argues that in
addition to the aforementioned problems other critical issues of ethnicity,
religious crises, boundary-border disputes inherited from the colonial era,
good governance, refugee crises, election disputes, poor leadership, governance,
terrorism, and the challenge of nation building have equally continued to have
deteriorating and concomitant effect on the process of nation building on
Nigeria especially in the 21st century.
Keywords: Leadership Challenges,
Corruption, Human Rights, Civil
Strife
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