Table of Contents

Bacteria Associated with Urinary Tract Infections and their Susceptibility Pattern

to Routine Antibiotics.

Yabaya A, Lucy M. and Maimuna H.………………………………………………………………….……….                              1- 9

Phyto-Chemical screening and Anti – Biotics Potentials of Pycnanthus

Angolensis (welw) warb. (Myristicaceae) Bark Juice

Ukwubile, Cletus Anes…………………………………………………………………………………………………                             10-15

Anti Diabetic Effects of the Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Husk Extract

Emojevwe Victor and Jeroh E.……………………………………………………………………………………                          16-25

Effects of Bi-Herbal Ethanolic Extract of Phyllanthus Niruri and Moringa Oliefera

on the Plasma Glucose Level and Hematological Parametersof

Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Ezeonwu, Valentine Ugonna……………………………………………………………………………..………                         26-31

Dyslipidaemia in Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

J.O. Alegbejo…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………                               32-38

Survey of Podoknemidokoptiasis in Locally Domesticated Market Chickens

(Gallus Gallus Domesticus ) in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Biu, A.A., Ahmed, H.A., Konto, M. and Paul B.T.………………………………………………………                              39-46

Awareness of Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women

Visiting Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

Chinaka Chidinma Christiana and Udeajah Victoria Ndidiamaka………………..………                      47-66

The Use of Clays in Wastewater Treatment

Umudi, E. Q. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….………                        67-73

Pregnancy Dating and its Confirmation in Ghana: Last Menstrual Period Versus

Ultrasonographic Dating

Edmund K. Brakohiapa; Jerry Coleman; Eric K. Ofori; Tom A. Ndanuand William K. Antwi                      74-86

Organ Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Oguntona S. A. and Adelowo O O…………………………………………………………………………..                          87-90

SURVEY OF PODOKNEMIDOKOPTIASIS IN LOCALLY DOMESTICATED MARKET CHICKENS (Gallus gallus domesticus ) IN MAIDUGURI, NIGERIA

Biu, A.A., Ahmed, H.A., Konto, M. and Paul B.T.

Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology

University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri

E-mail: biuvet@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Knemidokoptic mange in domesticated chicken results from infestations with any of several species of barely macroscopic mites (Acari: Knemidokoptidae). A survey of scaly leg mites by Knemidokoptes mutans was carried out between April and September, 2008. A total of 4820 local chickens were examined and showed a prevalence of 43 (0.89%), out of which 31 (1.1%) were female and 12 (0.6%) were male; 38 (1.2%) were adults and 5 (0.3%) were young chickens (p<0.05).  Twenty (20) (46.5%) of the birds exhibited symptoms of weight loss, 8 (1.9%) had lameness, 8 (1.9%) with rough swollen legs with scaly appearance from the tibio-tarsal joint downwards and 7 (1.6%) had deformed legs (p<0.05). Histopathologically scaly leg lesions were characterized by hyperkeratosis and acanthosis and tissue sections showed mites and their eggs in the deeper stratum corneum, associated with extensive mononuclear and eosinophilic infilterations.This study suggests thatK. mutans infestation is present in local chickens in Maiduguri, and are associated with clinicopathological changes

Keywords:  Survey, Gallus gallus domesticus, Podoknemidokoptiasis, Nigeria

DYSLIPIDAEMIA IN NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

J.O. Alegbejo

Department of Paediatrics

Ahamadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Lipid is one of the identifiable deranged disorder in type – 2 diabetics, therefore the study was conducted to measure the serum lipids in type-2 diabetics subjects attending clinic in ABUTH, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria.  Thirty – three type – 2 diabetic subjects and 13 healthy subjects participated in the study. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Triacylglycerol (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) cholesterol and TC/HDL-C ratio (atherogenic index) were measured. The total cholesterol means in both type 2 diabetics (2.83±0.81) and control (3.21±0.75) were within normal limits. In the type 2 diabetic subjects, the mean value of Triacylglycerol TG was 3.91±3.54 while the control subjects value was 1.83±1.05 (p<0.05) and also was higher than the normal range. The mean HDL-Cholesterol was 0.81±0.92mmol/L in diabetic subjects while it was 0.56±0.27 (p>0.5) in control subjects and both were within normal range. The LDL was significantly higher in the diabetic group than the control subjects although both were within normal range. The atherogenic index was significantly higher in the apparently healthy subjects than the diabetics’ subjects. This study therefore emphasizes that in this condition, lipid profile analysis is still essential and the effective management of lipid abnormalities is required when diabetes is diagnosed to improve and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with lipid derangements.

Key words: Type- 2 diabetes, serum lipid, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Triacylglycerol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index 

ANTI DIABETIC EFFECTS OF THE COCOS NUCIFERA (COCONUT) HUSK EXTRACT

*Emojevwe Victor and Jeroh E.

Department of Physiology

Delta State University, Abraka, Delta state Nigeria

E-mail: emojevwevictor@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The Anti-diabetic effects of Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Husk was studied on 21 alloxan-induced diabetic rats which were randomly grouped into three (n=7). Group I served as control while group II and III served as experimental groups. The rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal administration of 150 mg/kg of alloxan.  The extract was obtained by cooking the husk in boiling water for 45 minutes in a gas stove flame at a 100 degree Celsius and the fluid was filtered out and kept as the tea for the experiment. The control group was given 2 ml of 0.9% (normal) saline daily, group II was given 2 ml of the coconut husk tea only daily,  group III was given 1g of Daonil and 4g of Mephomine daily by Oro-gastric tube and random blood sugar was measured daily in the rats. The weights of the rats were checked daily using a digital electronic weighing balance. At the end of the experiments the animals were sacrificed and the pancreas harvested and histopathological slides made. In the treated diabetic rats, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) on consumption of the extracts and the drugs with greatest effect exhibited by the Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Husk extract. The Histopathological study showed same regenerative ability in the rats that received the extracts (coconut husk tea) and those that received Daonil and Metformine. It was therefore concluded that cocos nucifera (coconut) husk tea has a significant hypoglycemic and anti-diabetic effects in alloxan-induced diabetes. This effect is comparable to that of the combination of Daonil and Metformine, and could serve as an effective adjunct in the management of diabetes mellitus. It is therefore recommended that a study of this nature be done using human subjects.

Keywords: Diabetics mellitus, coconut husk, Cocos Nucifera, alloxan

EFFECTS OF BI-HERBAL ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI AND MORINGA OLIEFERA ON THE PLASMA GLUCOSE LEVEL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERSOF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

Ezeonwu, Valentine Ugonna

Department of Biochemistry

Modibbo Adama University of Technology

ABSTRACT

Bi-ethanolic extract of phyllanthus niruri whole plant and Ocimum gratissimum leaves was evaluated for anti-diabetic activities in STZ-induced diabetes as well as its implications on some hematological parameters of the diabetic animals. Ethanolic extract from both herbs at dose levels of 150mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg orally administered once lowered blood sugar level of the animals within 2hours and 3hours after administration. The extracts showed significant reduction in the sugar levels of the diabetic animals as well as prevented weight loss due to diabetes in a dose dependent manner with 500mg/kg showing highest activity. The hematological studies of the animals after 14days of administration with the extracts showed no significant difference in the WBC, PCV and HB levels of all treated groups when compared with the control. The bi-herbal extract therefore not only possesses hypoglycemic property but also do not alter the hematological composition of the animals.

Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Moringa oleifera, Hyperglycemia, Hematological parameters, STZ

BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN TO ROUTINE ANTIBIOTICS.

Yabaya A*, Lucy M. and Maimuna H.

Department of Microbiology

Kaduna State University, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna

E-mail:amosyabaya@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

 Forty samples of early morning urine were collected in the clinical pathology laboratory of a Military Reference Hospital, Kaduna, and analyzed for the isolation of bacteria associated with Urinary Tract Infection using standard bacteriological methods. The prevalence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Saprophyticus sp isolates  from the urine samples were  48.49%, 21.21%, 15.15%, 9.09% and 6.06% respectively. The pattern of antibiotic sensitivity test varied with the concentration of the antibiotic used. All the isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (5MCG) and resistant to amoxicillin (30MCG). Ciprofloxacin appeared to be the drug of choice for the treatment of urinary tract infection from this study.

Keywords: Bacteria, Urinary tract, Infection, Susceptibility, Routine Antibiotics, Metropolis

PHYTO-CHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTI-BIOTICS POTENTIALS OF PYCNANTHUS ANGOLENSIS (WELW.) WARB. (MYRISTICACEAE) BARK JUICE

Ukwubile, Cletus Anes   

Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development

Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

 Email:doccletus@yahoo.com,

ABSTRACT

Chloroform and methanol extracts of the bark of Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristicaceae) were investigated with the aim of establishing its acclaimed potency as a blood clotting and wound healing agent (Anti-bacterial). Preliminary phyto-chemical screening of the juice extracted from the bark using chloroform/methanol (1:2) showed that it contained flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins and saponins. Agar diffusion studies revealed that bark juice chloroform /methanol extract caused inhibition of Salmonella typhii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli but do not inhibit Bacillus subtilis at all concentrations. P. aeruginosa and E.coli produced inhibition zones of 17+ 0.2 and 18 + 0.1respectively as the highest, these values were however significantly different from the values obtained from the control antibiotics levofloxacin tablet (KNISS India) 5mg /ml (P<  0.05), which yielded 19+0.1 and 20 + 0.2 respectively for P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The result are consistent with the local use of the bark juice in stopping blood from wounds as well as healing up wounds, since these bacteria are mainly found in wounds.

Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Anti-biotics, Pycnanthus angolensis, Bark juice, Bacteria, Levofloxacin.