BATHYMETRIC SURVEY FOR THE DREDGING OF SAN BARTHOLOMEW RIVER IN AKUKUTORU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

K.U. Orisakwe¹, Aliyu A.² and Sarkinzango I.³

^1,2&3Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics

Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria

E-mail: aminu.aliyu48@yahoo.com

Abstract:

Data acquisitions started by using the designed map obtained from Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC). Controls used along the pipeline right-of-way were established and confirmed using the Leica 406 Total Station and Leica NA42 Automatic Level instruments. Traversing and Profile levelling were done also along the existing pipeline route. Data processing and analysis were carried out via the AutoCAD 2007 and Hypack Survey Navigation Software. Levelling data was reduced to Nembe Lowest Low Water Level (NLLWL) and elevation below NLLWL was obtained and plotted in AutoCAD 2007. Trimble SPS 361 Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver was interfaced with SyQuest Bathy 500 multi-frequency Echo Sounder and used for the pre and post bathymetric survey. The Hypack Navigation Survey Software was used to process the bathymetric data. As a result dredged quantities volume was obtained as 367165 cubic metres (m³) together with the profile of river bed and depth of dredging. The process of online dredging system using the GPS and the Dredge Pack Presentation System (DTPS) software was used to guide the suction dredger system.

FARMERS PERCEPTION AND MANAGEMENT OF GRAIN LEGUMES STORAGE INSECT PESTS IN MAIDUGURI, NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

²Degri, M.M, ¹Mshelia, J.S and ²Amina S.S

¹Department of Agronomy, Federal University Kashare, Gombe State, Nigeria

²Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

E-mail: mikedegri@gmail.com, michaelmd4peace@hotmail.com

Abstract: A survey research was carried out in Maiduguri Metropolis between January – April, 2011 to assess farmers’ perception and management of grain Legume storage insect pests. The survey used open–ended structured questionnaires and oral interview to obtain this information from the farmers. The results showed that the most important grain legumes grown in Maiduguri include cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.)Walp) groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L. Verdcourt) and that the common grain legumes insect pests that infest cowpea and groundnut in Maiduguri were cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus and groundnut borer Caryedon serratus. These farmers used mostly bags, sacks, Rhumbus, jerry canes and drums for storing their legumes. The result also showed that the farmers used botanical products like chilli pepper powder, wood ash, Bitter leaf powder, bitter melon powder and neem seed oil for storing their grain legumes and synthetic insecticides like Actellic dust, Aluminium phosphide (phostoxin) and Atellic EC for controlling stored grain legume insect pests. The survey result indicated that these botanical products and synthetic insecticides were effective against the grain legumes insect pests for storage period. Farmers are recommended to use good storage facilities, practice good sanitary measure in their store to reduce losses and to handle both the botanical and synthetic protectants with care to avoid poisoning.