CONTEXTUALIZING THE GIFTS OF THE SPIRIT IN I CORINTHIANS 12

David T. Ejenobo

Department of Religious Studies and Philosophy

Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The major controversy between the orthodox and evangelical Churches and the Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal Churches today revolve around the gifts of the Holy Spirit.  The question that has defied unified answer is: how should the gifts of the Holy Spirit be understood, possessed and displayed in the Church of God? While the Pentecostal and neo-Pentecostal churches believe that the gifts of the Holy Spirit should be displayed publicly by all Christians, particularly the gift of speaking in tongues, it is the contention of those in the mainline orthodox evangelical churches that the gifts of the Holy Spirit are for the private possession and utilization of every Christian.  Thus the public display of gifts of the Holy Spirit, particularly that of speaking in tongues in public places of worship ought and should be condemned by the Church. It is against this background that this study is undertaken.  The hue and cry over the actual gifts of the Holy Spirit, as against those that are faked by some Christians has been a matter of concern in the midst of the proliferation of Churches all over Nigeria.  Sometimes it is disturbing to see the hypocritical display of actions which are attributed to the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the Church by some notable Christians.  This has led to the disintegration of several churches and thus the emergence of new ones.  Using the textual analytical method, this paper critically examined I Corinthians 12 and came to the conclusion that the Church in Nigerian must be careful so that the use of the gifts of the Spirit does not lead to further disintegration and disunity.

Key Words: Gifts, Spirit, Body

ADOTSE AN ICON OF HOPE: A STUDY OF RICHARD MASAGBOR’SLABYRINTHS OF A BEAUTY

Clement Chukwuka Idegwu

Department of English

College of Education, Agbor, Delta State

Email: idegwucc@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This article is an attempt to show Masagbor’s exploration of “the vagaries of human life,” (Idegwu, 2009), and how Adotse for instance, is a correspondence between the form and meaning of the virtues which are needed in human life to over come, and win the battles of life. It is also an attempt to explore, and explain how people in power in the various realms of life create myths around their persons and office, to intimidate, and force their subject to remain cowed forever. This paper looks at the challenges the oppressed face, and shows that the possession of virtues such as courage, hope, the power to persist and remain focus or consistent are what the oppressed need to liberate themselves. Hence, the iconicity of Adotse, who personifies these virtues.

WOMEN’S RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE IN NIGERIAN CHRISTIANITY: A CASE STUDY

OF PRIMATE (MRS) E. O. BABAYEMI OF JERUSALEM CHURCH OF THE LORD INTERNATIONAL (JCLI)

Adesanya, Ibiyinka Olusola

Department of Religious Studies

University of Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti

sanyatimi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the religious experience of women in Nigerian Christianity with particular reference to Primate (Mrs) E.O. Babayemi, the founder of Jerusalem Church of the Lord International.  It discusses the religious experience of E. O. Babayemi, and her significant contributions and relevance to Christendom and Nigerian society at large.  The study adopts multi-disciplinary approach of anthropology, phenomenology and hermeneutics.  The significance of this study lies in the tremendous and imposing prominence and huge patronage of E. O. Babayemi, both by the people of Ado-Ekiti and its environs.  The paper investigates her activities and practices, her acceptance within the Christian religions and Yoruba cultural patriarchal community.  Based on these, the study recommended that the church should continue to embrace women and put a stop to all discriminatory attitudes against them.

THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION USING CEFE METHODOLOGY TOWARDS ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF NIGERIA

¹Ibrahim Abubakar Mikugi; ²Usman Baba Umar and ³Hauwa Daniyan Bagudu

^1&2Department Business Administration and Management, The Federal Polytechnic, Bida

³Department of Banking and Finance, The Federal Polytechnic, Bida

E-mail: angeleyez3029@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

The economic development and transformation of any nation depends on quality of her human resources and competent entrepreneurs who possesses the innovative ability to start and manage businesses effectively. Entrepreneurship education dwells on developing understanding and capacity for pursuit of entrepreneurial behaviors, skills and attributes in widely different contexts. This competency can be achieved through practical entrepreneurship training. This paper examines the role of entrepreneurship education in economic transformation of African countries with particular emphasis on Nigeria; it review literature and two basic methods presently in used in Nigeria, the entrepreneurship education development called Entrepreneurship Education Development (EED) and the concept of CEFE methodology. The methodology used for collecting data was primary source through questionnaires, questionnaire was administered to 45 respondents who were participants during 2010 cefe entrepreneurship training in Federal polytechnic, Bida Niger State, Nigeria; of which 41 questionnaires was dully completed and returned. Analysis of data was done based on returned questionnaires. Findings reveals that most respondents who were participants strongly agreed that the cefe methodology would offer better opportunity for entrepreneurship and business management than Entrepreneurship Education Development (EED) as thought in our tertiary institutions. It was reveal that business plan carried out during cefe training can impact positively on business than the one offered by Entrepreneurship Education Development (EED) curriculum as presently thought in our tertiary institutions. Conclusion was drown and recommendations given which include the need for Cefe methodology to be integrated into academic curriculum of tertiary institutions in Nigeria, without restriction to field of study or discipline, this will afford students opportunity to learn more about practical entrepreneurship and business management competencies during the period of their studies, thereby becomes job creators instead of job seekers. This will eventually boost economic activities and leads to economic development. It was also recommended that the method demands strong support from governments at all levels, federal government, state and local governments, financial institutions and industrial promotion agencies, the business and academic communities at large. This is because respondents reveal that the effort of government support at all levels is not yet satisfactory.

BIOKINETICS OF MESOPHILIC ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF POULTRY DROPPINGS

Wauton, I.and Gumus, R.H.

Department of Chemical/Petroleum Engineering,

Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

E-mail: isankpruke@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Kinetic parameters for mesophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry droppings were determined experimentally in a batch reactor using mixed culture of indigeneous microorganisms isolated from the waste. The maximum rate of substrate utilization (K), yield coefficient ( ), saturation constant (K_s), endogeneous decay coefficient (K_d) ,COD removal efficiency(COD_reff) and maximum specific growth rate ( ) were found to be 1.09 day^-1, 0.09 , 73.015 mg/L , 0.065day^-1 ,0.71 and 0.139 day^-1 respectively. These biokinetics parameters if well annexed could prove invaluable in the efficient operation, design and control of bioreactors for mesophilic anaerobic digestion of poultry droppings for pollution control, energy and fertilizers for soil conditioning.

NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL

*Oguntona S. A. and Adelowo O O.

Department of Medicine

Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogunstate Nigeria.

E- mail- oguntonasa@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Background- SLE is a multi-systemic inflammatory condition and can present with multiple end organ damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention can however delay organ involvementin SLE.

Method- A retrospective study of all the admitted rheumatology cases including SLE over five years was carried out. SLE cases were further studied determining organ(s) that were affected. Relevant literature search was done.

Result– Organ damage was found in 16 out of the 26 SLE patients seen over five years. Multiple organ damage was seen in some patients. The most frequently affected system was the neuropsychiatric system and the least affected was the ocular. Malignancy, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, and premature gonadal failure were not found to be affected in our patients. The most frequent individual items on the SLICC/ACR damage index were seizure and proteinuria. Two patients with renal lupus are still surviving till date, one was lost to follow up and the other three died due to lack of financial resources to continue with renal replacement therapy.

Conclusion- Neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE is common as demonstrated by earlier studies. This study has also demonstrated that renal involvement is a leading cause of death in SLE patients.

Running Title– Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Organ Involvement, Multiple Organ Damage, Corticosteroid, Immunosuppressives.

PREGNANCY DATING AND ITS CONFIRMATION IN GHANA: LAST MENSTRUAL PERIOD VERSUS ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DATING.

Edmund K. Brakohiapa¹; Jerry Coleman²; Eric K. Ofori³; Tom A. Ndanu⁴ and William K. Antwi ⁵

¹ Radiology Department, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana

² Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana

^{3, 5} Department of Radiography, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana

⁴University of Ghana Dental School, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana

E-mail: ebrakohiapa2000@yahoo.com; jerryc714@yahoo.com; erikof2001@yahoo.co.uk

nutcaresoft@gmail.com; wkantwi@chs.edu.gh

ABSTRACT                                                                                       

The accurate determination of the gestational age is important for proper management of the various stages of the pregnancy since improper management could lead to an increase in maternal and infant mortality. Gestational age could be determined through ultrasonography, symphysio-fundal height (SFH) measurement or the use of last menstrual period (LMP) recall. This study aimed to establish the percentage of Ghanaian women who could accurately determine their gestational age using their LMP. A retrospective study was conducted using data extracted from 2089 ultrasound request forms and the corresponding radiological reports of females who presented for antenatal sonographic evaluation in three diagnostic centres in Accra, Ghana, from January 2007 to December 2008.  Data collected was analyzed using the statistical package for social scientists version 19. The mean, standard deviation and range for the ages of the participants were 28.8 years ± 5.5, and 12 to 53 years respectively. A total of 1269 (60.8 %) of the study population had their gestational age based on LMP within the acceptable clinical range (± 2 weeks of the earliest accurately determined gestational age). The study showed a significant difference (p-value = 0.001) between the LMP and ultrasound based gestational ages. However no significant difference was seen between age groups and the differences in gestational ages (P = 0.300). The study also indicated that there were more (32.3%) negative clinically unacceptable discrepancies than positive discrepancies (6.9 %). The use of ultrasonography for the confirmation of pregnancy and accurate determination of gestational age in the Ghanaian community is imperative for proper management.

Key words: Last Menstrual Period, sonographic dating

THE USE OF CLAYS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Umudi, E. Q.

Department of Chemistry

College of Education, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria

E-mail: ese.umudi@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Two Nigerian clays were studied using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and X-ray diffractometer. They were coded OT and BB obtained from Delta State, Nigeria.  Mineralogical analysis revealed the presence of kaolinite in the two clays.  Illite and Quartz in OT, smectite illite, mixed layer and Quartz in BB.  Pebble:Clay ratio of 1:2 was adopted and percolation rate studies showed that BB had lower rate than OT.  One and three flow through methods were adopted.  This was used in treating effluent from the wood factory.  3 flow through gave outstanding performance on the pollution characteristic measured for they were below WHO standard.  This showed that clays have high potentials for pollutants removal.

Keywords: Clays, Pebbles, Fortified, effluent.

AWARENESS OF CERVICAL CANCER AND CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG WOMEN VISITING FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITAL ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA

Chinaka Chidinma Christiana and Udeajah Victoria Ndidiamaka

¹Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State

²Department of Medical Laboratory Ebonyi State Uniersity

E-mail: Vakadujah45@yahoo.com; dinmaceecee@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common genital tract malignancy among women in developing countries and accounts for about two hundred and fifty thousand deaths yearly most of which occur in the developing countries.  A significant drop in its incidence has been recorded in the developed countries as a result of intensive program of cervical screening.
Objective: To assess the awareness of cervical cancer among Igbo women in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigerian and determine their uptake of cervical screening services.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional study. Structured questionnaires were administered to female attendees of the antenatal and gynecological clinics of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria over a two-month period (5^th October to 5^th December 2012). Data analysis was by SPSS.  Results: Five hundred questionnaires were given out. Four hundred and fifty were correctly filled (9O %) and analyzed. The mean age of respondents was 36.2 years. 82% of respondents were married. 17.1%% had tertiary education and 44.0% were self employed. All respondents were sexually active and the mean age at first sex was 22+ 4.0SD (14-34). About 73.4% of respondents had their sexual debut before 20years and 60% had multiple sexual partners. 0ver 60% had experienced vaginal discharge. 25.6 % of the respondents were aware of cervical screening and only 11.1 % had ever done the test. It also found that most of those who were aware of screening got their information from hospital sources (52.2%), books/posters (20%) and radio/TV (20%). The major reasons for not doing the test cited by those who were aware of it were ‘no need for it’, lack of knowledge that it could be done locally, and fear and anxiety over a positive result. The most important reasons given for undergoing the tests were the fact that it was part of a general screening programme (39.3%) and doctors request (26.7%). Overall, 62.5% of all the respondents indicated willingness to be screened. Conclusion: The level of awareness of cervical screening is low.
The exposure to conditions that predispose women to cervical cancer was high, and the levels of awareness of cervical cancer and cervical screening uptake were low and these can lead to no significant reduction in the incidence of cervical cancer. A national cervical smear screening policy is advocated, greater public education and the greater use of opportunistic screening by physicians should be vigorously pushed. Continued awareness creation, local provision of cheap and affordable services and poverty alleviation are needed to improve cervical screening uptake with the hope of reducing the incidence of cervical cancer in the long term.

SECURITY OF DATABASE CONTENTS USING TRANSPARENT DATA ENCRYPTION IN MICROSOFT SQL SERVER ENTERPRISE EDITION

Rashid Husain

Department of Computer Science

 Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aleiro, Kebbi State

Email: rashid65_its@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT

We can take several precautions to help secure the database such as designing a secure system, encrypting confidential assets, and building a firewall around the database servers. However, in a scenario where the physical media (such as drives or backup tapes) are stolen, a malicious party can just restore or attach the data base and browse the data. To protect against data thefts and frauds we require security solutions that are transparent by design. Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) provides transparent, standards based security that protects data on the network, on disk and on backup media. It is easy and effective protection of stored data by transparently encrypting data. TDE performs real-time I/O encryption and decryption of the data and log files. The encryption uses a data base encryption key (DEK), which is stored in the database boot record for availability during recovery. The DEK is a symmetric key secured by using a certificate stored in the master database of the server or an asymmetric key protected by an EKM module. TDE protects data ‘at rest’, meaning the data and log files. It provides the ability to comply with many laws, regulations, and guidelines established in various industries. The study deals with ways to create Master key, creation of certificate protected by the master key, creation of database master key and protection by the certificate and ways to set the database to use encryption in Microsoft SQL Server.